Chapter 25
INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR THE
GROUND-LEVEL REFERENCE MEASUREMENT
OF SOLAR RADIATION, ALBEDO AND NET
RADIATION
M. Sulev, J. Ross and E.-M. Maasik
Tartu Observatory, Toravere, Estonia.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Regular actinometrical observations in Tartu Actinometric Station started
in 1950. Since 1954, it has been regarded as one of the most effectively
working actinometric station in the Soviet Union. In 1965, the station was
moved, and it is now located at Tõravere, about 20 km southwest from
Tartu, on the territory of Tartu Observatory
The
station currently belongs to the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological
Institute, but is working under the supervision and with the collaboration of
scientists from the Tartu Observatory (former Institute of Astrophysics and
Atmospheric Physics). Right from the start of scientific activities,
methodical investigations to improve the accuracy of the measurements were
initiated. Investigations have proceeded continuously, albeit with variable
intensity, and encompassed a very wide range of problems: instrumental and
methodical errors, comparison between different sensors, calibration of the
instruments, designing new instruments, etc. In the former Soviet Union and
Eastern European countries, instruments manufactured in the Soviet Union
were in use as a rule. After the breaking up of the Soviet system, the
modernization of the equipment to meet worldwide standards was started in
these countries. This on-going process requires new additional methodical
investigations. In Tõravere’s Actinometric Station and Tartu Observatory,
243
M.M. Verstraete et al. (eds.), Observing Land from Space: Science, Customers and Technology, 243–256.
© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR THE
GROUND-LEVEL REFERENCE MEASUREMENT
OF SOLAR RADIATION, ALBEDO AND NET
RADIATION
M. Sulev, J. Ross and E.-M. Maasik
Tartu Observatory, Toravere, Estonia.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Regular actinometrical observations in Tartu Actinometric Station started
in 1950. Since 1954, it has been regarded as one of the most effectively
working actinometric station in the Soviet Union. In 1965, the station was
moved, and it is now located at Tõravere, about 20 km southwest from
Tartu, on the territory of Tartu Observatory
The
station currently belongs to the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological
Institute, but is working under the supervision and with the collaboration of
scientists from the Tartu Observatory (former Institute of Astrophysics and
Atmospheric Physics). Right from the start of scientific activities,
methodical investigations to improve the accuracy of the measurements were
initiated. Investigations have proceeded continuously, albeit with variable
intensity, and encompassed a very wide range of problems: instrumental and
methodical errors, comparison between different sensors, calibration of the
instruments, designing new instruments, etc. In the former Soviet Union and
Eastern European countries, instruments manufactured in the Soviet Union
were in use as a rule. After the breaking up of the Soviet system, the
modernization of the equipment to meet worldwide standards was started in
these countries. This on-going process requires new additional methodical
investigations. In Tõravere’s Actinometric Station and Tartu Observatory,
243
M.M. Verstraete et al. (eds.), Observing Land from Space: Science, Customers and Technology, 243–256.
© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.