several general classes of water conditions and chl a levels may be sufficient. In other
situations, change detection and the ability to resolve relatively small differences in chl
a may be critical to bloom detection and reduction of damage to aquaculture operations,
the ability to answer key ecological questions and improve modeling of primary
production, and to meet regulatory criteria.
The problems remaining in order to achieve more routine, operational abilities to
remotely measure chl a in coastal waters are relatively well identified. A number of
research groups are actively engaged, as readily confirmed by the growing number of
publications and technical presentations in Case 2 water optics research. Progress is
evident, and further, rapid advancements are probable. Mobley (1994) was prescient in
stating:
“The development of remote-sensing inversion algorithms for use in Case 2 waters
scarcely has begun. As with other facets of the hydrologic optics of such waters, the
remote sensing of case 2 waters will provide challenging research problems for a
generation of scientists. ”
13. Acknowledgements
I have greatly benefited from several collaborations in the past 15 years in both
tank mesocosm experiments and field observations in inland and coastal waters. Donald
Rundquist and Anatoly Gitelson at the University of Nebraska, Yosef Yacobi at the
Kinneret Limnology Laboratory, Frank Schiebe at the USDA/ARS National
Agricultural Water Quality Laboratory, and Jim Alberts and Monika Takacs at the
University of Georgia Marine Institute at Sapelo Island were particularly generous with
their time, intellectual engagement, and companionship. The Lake Chapala
observations were conducted with Laura Davalos-Lind, Owen Lind, and Frank Schiebe.
My work and perspectives have also been greatly enhanced from interactions with Pat
Brezonik, Arnold Dekker, Giorgio Dall ’Olmo, Frank (Jerry) DeNoyelles, Sharon
Dewey, Rolland Fraser, Luoheng Han, Giorgio Dall ’Olmo, Jeffrey Peake, Laurie
Richardson, Robbi Stark, Patrick Starks, Richard Stumpf, and Bill Troeger. I’ve
received support for the studies reported here from the NASA-Nebraska Space Grant
Office, NOAA-NCCOS Environmental Cooperative Science Center, USEPA, visiting
scientist appointments with the USDA/ARS National Agricultural Water Quality
Laboratory, University of Georgia Marine Institute, and CALMIT-University of
Nebraska-Lincoln. Scientists and technicians at the following NOAA National
Estuarine Research Reserves provided outstanding support: ACE Basin, South
Carolina, Apalachicola Bay, Florida, Delaware Bay, Delaware, and Grand Bay,
Mississippi. I’ve worked closely with two Creighton University graduate students,
Christine Hladik and Kim Whitman and benefited greatly from their enthusiasm,
dedication, assistance, and questioning. The following individuals were particularly
helpful in field and laboratory work and logistical support: Patrick A’Hearn, Ambrose
Anoruo, Jennifer Arnhold, Wallace Bell, Jennifer Cherrier, Kevin Dillon, Chunlei Fan,
Barbara Hayes, Chris Hiemstra, Rhonda Horner, Mark Huggins, Lisa Hughes, Charles
Jagoe, David Kennedy, Amy Kroenke, Bryan Leavitt, Lee Edmiston, Mark Harwell,
Stuart McNally, Christine Michaud, Katherine Milla, Albert Miller, Denise Lani
Pascual, Heather Peterson, Kelli Peterson, Mary Price, Mike Reiter, Robert
Scarborough, Jim Schalles, Amy Sheil, James Tycast, George Walker, Latrincy
Whitehurst, Betty Winner, and Mark Woodrey. Finally, I'd like to thank my wife Nancy
74
Schalles
situations, change detection and the ability to resolve relatively small differences in chl
a may be critical to bloom detection and reduction of damage to aquaculture operations,
the ability to answer key ecological questions and improve modeling of primary
production, and to meet regulatory criteria.
The problems remaining in order to achieve more routine, operational abilities to
remotely measure chl a in coastal waters are relatively well identified. A number of
research groups are actively engaged, as readily confirmed by the growing number of
publications and technical presentations in Case 2 water optics research. Progress is
evident, and further, rapid advancements are probable. Mobley (1994) was prescient in
stating:
“The development of remote-sensing inversion algorithms for use in Case 2 waters
scarcely has begun. As with other facets of the hydrologic optics of such waters, the
remote sensing of case 2 waters will provide challenging research problems for a
generation of scientists. ”
13. Acknowledgements
I have greatly benefited from several collaborations in the past 15 years in both
tank mesocosm experiments and field observations in inland and coastal waters. Donald
Rundquist and Anatoly Gitelson at the University of Nebraska, Yosef Yacobi at the
Kinneret Limnology Laboratory, Frank Schiebe at the USDA/ARS National
Agricultural Water Quality Laboratory, and Jim Alberts and Monika Takacs at the
University of Georgia Marine Institute at Sapelo Island were particularly generous with
their time, intellectual engagement, and companionship. The Lake Chapala
observations were conducted with Laura Davalos-Lind, Owen Lind, and Frank Schiebe.
My work and perspectives have also been greatly enhanced from interactions with Pat
Brezonik, Arnold Dekker, Giorgio Dall ’Olmo, Frank (Jerry) DeNoyelles, Sharon
Dewey, Rolland Fraser, Luoheng Han, Giorgio Dall ’Olmo, Jeffrey Peake, Laurie
Richardson, Robbi Stark, Patrick Starks, Richard Stumpf, and Bill Troeger. I’ve
received support for the studies reported here from the NASA-Nebraska Space Grant
Office, NOAA-NCCOS Environmental Cooperative Science Center, USEPA, visiting
scientist appointments with the USDA/ARS National Agricultural Water Quality
Laboratory, University of Georgia Marine Institute, and CALMIT-University of
Nebraska-Lincoln. Scientists and technicians at the following NOAA National
Estuarine Research Reserves provided outstanding support: ACE Basin, South
Carolina, Apalachicola Bay, Florida, Delaware Bay, Delaware, and Grand Bay,
Mississippi. I’ve worked closely with two Creighton University graduate students,
Christine Hladik and Kim Whitman and benefited greatly from their enthusiasm,
dedication, assistance, and questioning. The following individuals were particularly
helpful in field and laboratory work and logistical support: Patrick A’Hearn, Ambrose
Anoruo, Jennifer Arnhold, Wallace Bell, Jennifer Cherrier, Kevin Dillon, Chunlei Fan,
Barbara Hayes, Chris Hiemstra, Rhonda Horner, Mark Huggins, Lisa Hughes, Charles
Jagoe, David Kennedy, Amy Kroenke, Bryan Leavitt, Lee Edmiston, Mark Harwell,
Stuart McNally, Christine Michaud, Katherine Milla, Albert Miller, Denise Lani
Pascual, Heather Peterson, Kelli Peterson, Mary Price, Mike Reiter, Robert
Scarborough, Jim Schalles, Amy Sheil, James Tycast, George Walker, Latrincy
Whitehurst, Betty Winner, and Mark Woodrey. Finally, I'd like to thank my wife Nancy
74
Schalles