Acknowledgments This work was partly carried out under a NOAA Cooperative Agreement,
CICS-NC (NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2002050), and NASA NPP grant NNX11AH25G (Miura,
P.I). The authors are very grateful for the review and challenging comments provided by Richard
Waring.
References
Anderson LO (2012) Biome-scale forest properties in Amazonia based on field and satellite
observations. Remote Sens Basel 4(5):1245–1271. doi:10.3390/Rs4051245
Anderson LO, Aragao LEOC, Shimabukuro YE, Almeida S, Huete A (2011) Fraction images for
monitoring intra-annual phenology of different vegetation physiognomies in Amazonia. Int J
Remote Sens 32(2):387–408. doi:10.1080/01431160903474921
Anyamba A, Tucker CJ (2005) Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR
NDVI data from 1981–2003. J Arid Environ 63(3):596–614
Asner GP (2009) Tropical forest carbon assessment: integrating satellite and airborne mapping
approaches. Environ Res Lett 4(3):1748–9326
Asner GP, Martin RE, Knapp DE, Tupayachi R, Anderson C, Carranza L, Martinez P,
Houcheime M, Sinca F, Weiss P (2011) Spectroscopy of canopy chemicals in humid tropical
forests. Remote Sens Environ 115(12):3587–3598
Baccini A, Laporte N, Goetz SJ, Sun M, Dong H (2008) A first map of tropical Africa’s aboveground biomass derived from satellite imagery. Environ Res Lett 3(4):045011
Baret F, Guyot G (1991) Potentials and limits of vegetation indexes for LAI and APAR
assessment. Remote Sens Environ 35(2–3):161–173
Bates LM, Hall AE (1981) Stomatal closure with soil-water depletion not associated with changes
in bulk leaf water status. Oecologia 50(1):62–65. doi:10.1007/Bf00378794
Beck PSA, Atzberger C, Hogda KA, Johansen B, Skidmore AK (2006) Improved monitoring of
vegetation dynamics at very high latitudes: a new method using MODIS NDVI. Remote Sens
Environ 100(3):321–334
Brando PM, Goetz SJ, Baccini A, Nepstad DC, Beck PSA, Christman MC (2010) Seasonal and
interannual variability of climate and vegetation indices across the Amazon. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 107(33):14685–14690
Breshears DD, Cobb NS, Rich PM, Price KP, Allen CD, Balice RG, Romme WH, Kastens JH,
Floyd ML, Belnap J, Anderson JJ, Myers OB, Meyer CW (2005) Regional vegetation die-off
in response to global-change-type drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(42):15144–15148.
doi:10.1073/Pnas.0505734102
Broich M, Hansen M, Stolle F, Potapov P, Margono BA, Adusei B (2011a) Remotely sensed
forest cover loss shows high spatial and temporal variation across Sumatera and Kalimantan,
Indonesia 2000–2008. Environ Res Lett 6(1). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014010
Broich M, Hansen MC, Potapov P, Adusei B, Lindquist E, Stehman SV (2011b) Time-series
analysis of multi-resolution optical imagery for quantifying forest cover loss in Sumatra and
Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int J Appl Earth Obs 13(2):277–291. doi:10.1016/J.Jag.2010.11.004
Caccamo G, Chisholm LA, Bradstock RA, Puotinen ML (2011) Assessing the sensitivity of
MODIS to monitor drought in high biomass ecosystems. Remote Sens Environ
115(10):2626–2639
Carlson TN, Ripley DA (1997) On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and
leaf area index. Remote Sens Environ 62(3):241–252
Carter GA, Knapp AK (2001) Leaf optical properties in higher plants: linking spectral
characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. Am J Bot 88(4):677–684
Ceccato P, Flasse S, Gregoire JM (2002a) Designing a spectral index to estimate vegetation water
content from remote sensing data. Part 2. Validation and applications. Remote Sens Environ
82(2–3):198–207
1 Indices of Vegetation Activity
33
CICS-NC (NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2002050), and NASA NPP grant NNX11AH25G (Miura,
P.I). The authors are very grateful for the review and challenging comments provided by Richard
Waring.
References
Anderson LO (2012) Biome-scale forest properties in Amazonia based on field and satellite
observations. Remote Sens Basel 4(5):1245–1271. doi:10.3390/Rs4051245
Anderson LO, Aragao LEOC, Shimabukuro YE, Almeida S, Huete A (2011) Fraction images for
monitoring intra-annual phenology of different vegetation physiognomies in Amazonia. Int J
Remote Sens 32(2):387–408. doi:10.1080/01431160903474921
Anyamba A, Tucker CJ (2005) Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR
NDVI data from 1981–2003. J Arid Environ 63(3):596–614
Asner GP (2009) Tropical forest carbon assessment: integrating satellite and airborne mapping
approaches. Environ Res Lett 4(3):1748–9326
Asner GP, Martin RE, Knapp DE, Tupayachi R, Anderson C, Carranza L, Martinez P,
Houcheime M, Sinca F, Weiss P (2011) Spectroscopy of canopy chemicals in humid tropical
forests. Remote Sens Environ 115(12):3587–3598
Baccini A, Laporte N, Goetz SJ, Sun M, Dong H (2008) A first map of tropical Africa’s aboveground biomass derived from satellite imagery. Environ Res Lett 3(4):045011
Baret F, Guyot G (1991) Potentials and limits of vegetation indexes for LAI and APAR
assessment. Remote Sens Environ 35(2–3):161–173
Bates LM, Hall AE (1981) Stomatal closure with soil-water depletion not associated with changes
in bulk leaf water status. Oecologia 50(1):62–65. doi:10.1007/Bf00378794
Beck PSA, Atzberger C, Hogda KA, Johansen B, Skidmore AK (2006) Improved monitoring of
vegetation dynamics at very high latitudes: a new method using MODIS NDVI. Remote Sens
Environ 100(3):321–334
Brando PM, Goetz SJ, Baccini A, Nepstad DC, Beck PSA, Christman MC (2010) Seasonal and
interannual variability of climate and vegetation indices across the Amazon. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 107(33):14685–14690
Breshears DD, Cobb NS, Rich PM, Price KP, Allen CD, Balice RG, Romme WH, Kastens JH,
Floyd ML, Belnap J, Anderson JJ, Myers OB, Meyer CW (2005) Regional vegetation die-off
in response to global-change-type drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(42):15144–15148.
doi:10.1073/Pnas.0505734102
Broich M, Hansen M, Stolle F, Potapov P, Margono BA, Adusei B (2011a) Remotely sensed
forest cover loss shows high spatial and temporal variation across Sumatera and Kalimantan,
Indonesia 2000–2008. Environ Res Lett 6(1). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014010
Broich M, Hansen MC, Potapov P, Adusei B, Lindquist E, Stehman SV (2011b) Time-series
analysis of multi-resolution optical imagery for quantifying forest cover loss in Sumatra and
Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int J Appl Earth Obs 13(2):277–291. doi:10.1016/J.Jag.2010.11.004
Caccamo G, Chisholm LA, Bradstock RA, Puotinen ML (2011) Assessing the sensitivity of
MODIS to monitor drought in high biomass ecosystems. Remote Sens Environ
115(10):2626–2639
Carlson TN, Ripley DA (1997) On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and
leaf area index. Remote Sens Environ 62(3):241–252
Carter GA, Knapp AK (2001) Leaf optical properties in higher plants: linking spectral
characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. Am J Bot 88(4):677–684
Ceccato P, Flasse S, Gregoire JM (2002a) Designing a spectral index to estimate vegetation water
content from remote sensing data. Part 2. Validation and applications. Remote Sens Environ
82(2–3):198–207
1 Indices of Vegetation Activity
33