Chapter 6
Construction and Operation of the Automated
One-Channel IR-Radiometer
Abstract Main features of IR-radiometers, testing and calibration of instrument
are considered. Detailed description of all procedures for employment of the
IR-radiometer is presented.
6.1 Concise Theory
Mastering space that began in 1957 opens a new era for many research fields.
Firstly, the view to the Earth from outside has been possible. A lot of objects were
of interest for researches: oceans, continents, glaciers, rivers, and cloudiness. The
development of the space technique is aimed to obtaining the maximum of information about geophysical covers and phenomena.
Most of satellites at the orbit are destined for researches (some have several
purposes), accomplish investigation of Earth’s spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere,
lithosphere, biosphere), and their interaction in global scales. The information
source for instruments at satellite platforms is the radiation reflected (shortwave
solar) or emitted (heat self radiation) by these spheres. The radiation transformation
provoked by different objects at the Earth surface or atmosphere might be treated
for these objects properties retrieval.
At first stage observations were similar to photographing and comparing view of
objects in different time moments. Natural resources, the dynamics of their variations,
anthropogenic impacts and so are were of scientific interest. However, the necessity
of obtaining the information concerning physical characteristics arises. These
characteristics are as follows:
– the temperature and humidity of the atmospheric air;
– the temperature of the ground and ocean surface;
– determination specific chemical elements in the Earth core;
– the salinity and waving of water surface;
– the altitude of cloud top, ice and water amount of cloud, direction and velocity of
cloud shift;
I. Melnikova et al., Remote Sensing of the Environment and Radiation Transfer,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14899-6_6, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
53
Construction and Operation of the Automated
One-Channel IR-Radiometer
Abstract Main features of IR-radiometers, testing and calibration of instrument
are considered. Detailed description of all procedures for employment of the
IR-radiometer is presented.
6.1 Concise Theory
Mastering space that began in 1957 opens a new era for many research fields.
Firstly, the view to the Earth from outside has been possible. A lot of objects were
of interest for researches: oceans, continents, glaciers, rivers, and cloudiness. The
development of the space technique is aimed to obtaining the maximum of information about geophysical covers and phenomena.
Most of satellites at the orbit are destined for researches (some have several
purposes), accomplish investigation of Earth’s spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere,
lithosphere, biosphere), and their interaction in global scales. The information
source for instruments at satellite platforms is the radiation reflected (shortwave
solar) or emitted (heat self radiation) by these spheres. The radiation transformation
provoked by different objects at the Earth surface or atmosphere might be treated
for these objects properties retrieval.
At first stage observations were similar to photographing and comparing view of
objects in different time moments. Natural resources, the dynamics of their variations,
anthropogenic impacts and so are were of scientific interest. However, the necessity
of obtaining the information concerning physical characteristics arises. These
characteristics are as follows:
– the temperature and humidity of the atmospheric air;
– the temperature of the ground and ocean surface;
– determination specific chemical elements in the Earth core;
– the salinity and waving of water surface;
– the altitude of cloud top, ice and water amount of cloud, direction and velocity of
cloud shift;
I. Melnikova et al., Remote Sensing of the Environment and Radiation Transfer,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14899-6_6, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
53