I
Ill-posed problem, 89, 90, 92–95
Intensity, 3, 15, 19, 23–25, 47, 48, 63, 64,
139–140, 142, 145, 151
Inverse problem, xii, 84–92, 94, 95
Irradiance, 2–8, 15, 17, 21, 107, 112–113,
115–117, 119–127, 129–138,
142–145, 147, 151, 161,
164–165, 170
diffused, 17, 105, 112–113
downwelling, 5, 161, 164, 165
reflected, 107, 115, 120, 121, 123
semispherical, 113
solar, 15, 107, 119–127, 129–138, 144, 165
transmitted, 120, 121, 123, 125, 143–145
upwelling, 5, 161
Isotropic reflection, 142, 147
L
Linear absorption region, 40
Lorenz’s contour, 31–32, 37, 43
M
Maximum smoothness, 90, 92, 95, 96
Mean of the random value, 77
Mean radius, 101, 104
Method of statistical modelling, 129
Mie theory, 11, 100
Mirror reflection, 147–149
Monte–Carlo method, 76–81, 129–138 See
also Method of statistical modelling
N
Normal distribution, 78, 149
Numerical closed successive experiment, 93
O
Optical depth, 105, 112, 114, 116, 131,
133–135, 137, 138, 141, 144
Optical thickness, 15, 105, 106, 108, 112–117,
123–127, 129, 136–138, 141,
143–145 See also Optical depth
P
Phase function, xii, 9–12, 18, 103–105,
109–112, 115–117, 119, 121,
124, 126, 127, 132, 136–137, 141,
143–146
aerosol, 11, 12, 103, 104
asymmetry parameter, 116, 124, 126, 136
Henyey–Greenstein, 105, 111
molecular, 11
normalization, 9
Phytoplankton, 157, 163, 166, 176
Planck
Planck’s constant, 20, 28
Planck’s formula, 25, 28, 65
Planck’s function, 20–22, 24, 25, 47, 63,
65, 73, 74, 85
Planck’s law, 20
Plane albedo, 107, 110, 121
Plank, 28, 63, 66, 74, 85, 87
Probability density, 9, 77, 101, 131–132, 134,
135, 148, 149
Probability of quantum surviving, 16
R
Radiance See also Intensity
downwelling, 165
upwelling, 161, 170, 172, 175, 176
Radiation
field
absorption, 48, 50, 100, 108
cross-section, 8
diffused solar, 1, 17, 107, 144
direct, 14, 16, 106, 122, 123, 131,
140, 143
extinction, 7, 12
heat, xi, xii, 1, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22–26,
47, 50, 51, 63, 64, 83, 84, 97, 99
radiation absorption, 48, 50, 100, 108
reflected, 1, 17, 105, 122, 141, 142,
147–149, 151, 152
self-atmospheric, 1
self-surface, 1, 19–26
short-wave, 1, 12, 108
total, 1, 142
radiation scattering, 1, 7, 9, 13, 14
Radiative divergence, 6, 112, 115, 117, 121,
124, 125, 127, 136, 137
Random values, 76, 130, 131
Rayleigh–Jeans approximation, 21, 22
S
Scattering
aerosol scattering, xii, 11
angle, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 100,
103–105, 108, 132, 136, 144
azimuth, 8, 9
184
Index
Ill-posed problem, 89, 90, 92–95
Intensity, 3, 15, 19, 23–25, 47, 48, 63, 64,
139–140, 142, 145, 151
Inverse problem, xii, 84–92, 94, 95
Irradiance, 2–8, 15, 17, 21, 107, 112–113,
115–117, 119–127, 129–138,
142–145, 147, 151, 161,
164–165, 170
diffused, 17, 105, 112–113
downwelling, 5, 161, 164, 165
reflected, 107, 115, 120, 121, 123
semispherical, 113
solar, 15, 107, 119–127, 129–138, 144, 165
transmitted, 120, 121, 123, 125, 143–145
upwelling, 5, 161
Isotropic reflection, 142, 147
L
Linear absorption region, 40
Lorenz’s contour, 31–32, 37, 43
M
Maximum smoothness, 90, 92, 95, 96
Mean of the random value, 77
Mean radius, 101, 104
Method of statistical modelling, 129
Mie theory, 11, 100
Mirror reflection, 147–149
Monte–Carlo method, 76–81, 129–138 See
also Method of statistical modelling
N
Normal distribution, 78, 149
Numerical closed successive experiment, 93
O
Optical depth, 105, 112, 114, 116, 131,
133–135, 137, 138, 141, 144
Optical thickness, 15, 105, 106, 108, 112–117,
123–127, 129, 136–138, 141,
143–145 See also Optical depth
P
Phase function, xii, 9–12, 18, 103–105,
109–112, 115–117, 119, 121,
124, 126, 127, 132, 136–137, 141,
143–146
aerosol, 11, 12, 103, 104
asymmetry parameter, 116, 124, 126, 136
Henyey–Greenstein, 105, 111
molecular, 11
normalization, 9
Phytoplankton, 157, 163, 166, 176
Planck
Planck’s constant, 20, 28
Planck’s formula, 25, 28, 65
Planck’s function, 20–22, 24, 25, 47, 63,
65, 73, 74, 85
Planck’s law, 20
Plane albedo, 107, 110, 121
Plank, 28, 63, 66, 74, 85, 87
Probability density, 9, 77, 101, 131–132, 134,
135, 148, 149
Probability of quantum surviving, 16
R
Radiance See also Intensity
downwelling, 165
upwelling, 161, 170, 172, 175, 176
Radiation
field
absorption, 48, 50, 100, 108
cross-section, 8
diffused solar, 1, 17, 107, 144
direct, 14, 16, 106, 122, 123, 131,
140, 143
extinction, 7, 12
heat, xi, xii, 1, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22–26,
47, 50, 51, 63, 64, 83, 84, 97, 99
radiation absorption, 48, 50, 100, 108
reflected, 1, 17, 105, 122, 141, 142,
147–149, 151, 152
self-atmospheric, 1
self-surface, 1, 19–26
short-wave, 1, 12, 108
total, 1, 142
radiation scattering, 1, 7, 9, 13, 14
Radiative divergence, 6, 112, 115, 117, 121,
124, 125, 127, 136, 137
Random values, 76, 130, 131
Rayleigh–Jeans approximation, 21, 22
S
Scattering
aerosol scattering, xii, 11
angle, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 100,
103–105, 108, 132, 136, 144
azimuth, 8, 9
184
Index