use of the editors WORD and EXCEL. It promotes to deep and reliable comprehension of corresponding topics by students. It is important that all described
approaches and computer programs are valuable resources for solving radiative
transfer problems and they could be used by students for courses and diploma
studies concerned calculation of radiative characteristics or solution of direct and
inverse problems of remote sensing and radiative transfer.
Part I
The first chapter contains common information about radiative transfer in the
atmosphere, which is necessary for understanding practical works.
The second chapter is devoted to specific features of black body and real body
spectral brightness. Proposed tasks provide the understanding of conceptions of
brightness temperature and emissivity of real bodies.
The third chapter considers the direct calculation of absorption coefficient of
atmospheric gases with the use of parameters of the line structure of absorption
bands. Results are necessary for the transmission function calculation.
The fourth chapter contains the calculation of transmission functions in different
IR-spectral ranges on the base of different models of the absorption bands of the
atmospheric gases. Results are used in following studies.
The fifth chapter includes the calculation of outgoing heat radiation of the
Earth’s surface and atmosphere for different cases of cloudy and clear atmosphere.
Results allow demonstrating the separate contribution of the atmosphere and
surface to the intensity of outgoing heat radiation.
The sixth chapter is about the construction and operation principles of the
automatic one channel IR-radiometer.
In the seventh chapter it is proposed to accomplish the remote measurement of
the temperature field of the surface with the automatic one channel IR-radiometer.
The eighth chapter is aimed to estimation of errors of the surface temperature
retrieval, called by errors of measurement, a priori information and other factors in
solving the inverse problem. Three different approaches are considered for estimating resulting uncertainties and their statistical characteristics.
The Chap. 9 contains two based methods of solving the inverse problem of the
thermal remote sensing – retrieval of vertical temperature profiles from the spectral
observations of IR intensity: the method of statistical regularization and the method
of smoothing functional. Choosing different values of elements of temperature
deviations matrix and the regularization parameter together with a priori information for removing the incorrectness allows demonstrating the inverse problem
incorrectness and mathematical approaches.
The tenth chapter is dedicated to calculating optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols. Different spectral dependencies of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients are considered together with different shapes of phase functions,
including big water droplets demonstrating rainbow maximums.
xii
An Introduction to Remote Sensing
approaches and computer programs are valuable resources for solving radiative
transfer problems and they could be used by students for courses and diploma
studies concerned calculation of radiative characteristics or solution of direct and
inverse problems of remote sensing and radiative transfer.
Part I
The first chapter contains common information about radiative transfer in the
atmosphere, which is necessary for understanding practical works.
The second chapter is devoted to specific features of black body and real body
spectral brightness. Proposed tasks provide the understanding of conceptions of
brightness temperature and emissivity of real bodies.
The third chapter considers the direct calculation of absorption coefficient of
atmospheric gases with the use of parameters of the line structure of absorption
bands. Results are necessary for the transmission function calculation.
The fourth chapter contains the calculation of transmission functions in different
IR-spectral ranges on the base of different models of the absorption bands of the
atmospheric gases. Results are used in following studies.
The fifth chapter includes the calculation of outgoing heat radiation of the
Earth’s surface and atmosphere for different cases of cloudy and clear atmosphere.
Results allow demonstrating the separate contribution of the atmosphere and
surface to the intensity of outgoing heat radiation.
The sixth chapter is about the construction and operation principles of the
automatic one channel IR-radiometer.
In the seventh chapter it is proposed to accomplish the remote measurement of
the temperature field of the surface with the automatic one channel IR-radiometer.
The eighth chapter is aimed to estimation of errors of the surface temperature
retrieval, called by errors of measurement, a priori information and other factors in
solving the inverse problem. Three different approaches are considered for estimating resulting uncertainties and their statistical characteristics.
The Chap. 9 contains two based methods of solving the inverse problem of the
thermal remote sensing – retrieval of vertical temperature profiles from the spectral
observations of IR intensity: the method of statistical regularization and the method
of smoothing functional. Choosing different values of elements of temperature
deviations matrix and the regularization parameter together with a priori information for removing the incorrectness allows demonstrating the inverse problem
incorrectness and mathematical approaches.
The tenth chapter is dedicated to calculating optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols. Different spectral dependencies of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients are considered together with different shapes of phase functions,
including big water droplets demonstrating rainbow maximums.
xii
An Introduction to Remote Sensing