needed from this viewpoint, too. Furthermore, the scenarios should be evaluated in
terms of QOL such as accessibility and amenity. In order to realize a climate change
adaptation scenario, risk communication tools like those suggested by Burch
et al. (2010) and resilience against multiple disasters including earthquake and
tsunami are also important.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the “Research Program on Climate Change
Adaptation (RECCA)” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(MEXT), Japan.
We thank Professor Yutaka TONOOKA and Mr. Satoshi KOUDA of Saitama University,
Special Appointed Professor Akio TANAKA of Kumamoto University, Mr. Ryota II of Pacific
Consultants CO., LTD and Mr. Kohei SAKAI of the National Institute for Environmental Studies
for the estimation of CO 2 emissions.
References
Abe J, Miura S, Tonooka Y (2002) Study on the characteristics of CO 2 emissions caused by family
life based on the LCA database. J Archit Plan Environ Eng AIJ 551:93–98 (in Japanese)
Auckland Sustainability Framework: http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Auck
land/Sustainability/Auckland%20Sustainability%20Framework.pdf. Access date: 31 Jan 2014
Burch S, Sheppard SRJ, Shaw A, Flanders D (2010) Planning for climate change in a flood-prone
community: municipal barriers to policy action and the use of visualizations as decisionsupport tools. J Flood Risk Manag 3:126–139
Dhakal S (2009) Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy
implications. Energy Policy 37:4208–4219
Esteban M, Zhang Q, Utama A (2012) Estimation of the energy storage requirement of a future
100% renewable energy system in Japan. Energy Policy 47:22–31
Gilman EL, Ellison J, Duke NC, Field C (2008) Threats to mangroves from climate change and
adaptation options: a review. Aquat Bot 89:237–250
Hayashi Y, Kato H, Kimoto J, Sugawara T (1995) Estimation of reduction in CO 2 emission by
modal shift policy in urban passenger transport. Infrastruct Plan Rev 12:277–282
IPCC (2007) In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds)
Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working group II
to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working
group II to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). In: Aldunce P, Ometto JP, Raholijao N, Yasuhara K (eds) https://www.ipcc.ch/report/
ar5/wg2/
Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (eds) (1996) The compact city: a sustainable urban form?
Routledge
Kennedy C, Steinberger J, Gasson B, Hansen Y, Hillman T, Havra ´nek M, Pataki D, Phdungsilp A,
Ramaswami A, Mendez GV (2010) Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions
from global cities. Energy Policy 38:4828–4837
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) (2012) The list of car fuel
consumption. http://www.mlit.go.jp/jidosha/jidosha_fr10_000014.html. Access date: 31 Jan
2014 (in Japanese)
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (2012) i-MiEV specification sheet. http://www.mitsubishi-motors.
co.jp/i-miev/spec/spe_02.html. Access date: 31 Jan 2014 (in Japanese)
260
K. Nakamichi et al.
terms of QOL such as accessibility and amenity. In order to realize a climate change
adaptation scenario, risk communication tools like those suggested by Burch
et al. (2010) and resilience against multiple disasters including earthquake and
tsunami are also important.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the “Research Program on Climate Change
Adaptation (RECCA)” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(MEXT), Japan.
We thank Professor Yutaka TONOOKA and Mr. Satoshi KOUDA of Saitama University,
Special Appointed Professor Akio TANAKA of Kumamoto University, Mr. Ryota II of Pacific
Consultants CO., LTD and Mr. Kohei SAKAI of the National Institute for Environmental Studies
for the estimation of CO 2 emissions.
References
Abe J, Miura S, Tonooka Y (2002) Study on the characteristics of CO 2 emissions caused by family
life based on the LCA database. J Archit Plan Environ Eng AIJ 551:93–98 (in Japanese)
Auckland Sustainability Framework: http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Auck
land/Sustainability/Auckland%20Sustainability%20Framework.pdf. Access date: 31 Jan 2014
Burch S, Sheppard SRJ, Shaw A, Flanders D (2010) Planning for climate change in a flood-prone
community: municipal barriers to policy action and the use of visualizations as decisionsupport tools. J Flood Risk Manag 3:126–139
Dhakal S (2009) Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy
implications. Energy Policy 37:4208–4219
Esteban M, Zhang Q, Utama A (2012) Estimation of the energy storage requirement of a future
100% renewable energy system in Japan. Energy Policy 47:22–31
Gilman EL, Ellison J, Duke NC, Field C (2008) Threats to mangroves from climate change and
adaptation options: a review. Aquat Bot 89:237–250
Hayashi Y, Kato H, Kimoto J, Sugawara T (1995) Estimation of reduction in CO 2 emission by
modal shift policy in urban passenger transport. Infrastruct Plan Rev 12:277–282
IPCC (2007) In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds)
Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working group II
to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working
group II to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). In: Aldunce P, Ometto JP, Raholijao N, Yasuhara K (eds) https://www.ipcc.ch/report/
ar5/wg2/
Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (eds) (1996) The compact city: a sustainable urban form?
Routledge
Kennedy C, Steinberger J, Gasson B, Hansen Y, Hillman T, Havra ´nek M, Pataki D, Phdungsilp A,
Ramaswami A, Mendez GV (2010) Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions
from global cities. Energy Policy 38:4828–4837
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) (2012) The list of car fuel
consumption. http://www.mlit.go.jp/jidosha/jidosha_fr10_000014.html. Access date: 31 Jan
2014 (in Japanese)
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (2012) i-MiEV specification sheet. http://www.mitsubishi-motors.
co.jp/i-miev/spec/spe_02.html. Access date: 31 Jan 2014 (in Japanese)
260
K. Nakamichi et al.