7.7 Conclusion
The landscape ecological maps using airborne laser survey data have been produced in Mt. Rausu of the Shiretoko Peninsula as World Natural Heritage area and
Mt. Dogo of the Chugoku Mountains as rural area. The basic legend for landscape
ecological map consists of the combination of three dimensional vegetation structure classification using detailed DSM and micro landform classification using
detailed DEM. The legend of three dimensional vegetation structure maps consists
of the combination of vegetation height, thickness of crown and differences
between the two seasons (deciduous single layer tree, deciduous multiple layer
tree and evergreen tree). Landform classification has been carried out by automatic
landform classification using 1 m grid DEM, combining three categories, such as
slope degree, convexity and texture. At the Mt. Rausu, three dimensional vegetation
structures are subject to site elevation rather than micro landform classification. At
the Mt. Dogo, some early deciduous high thin crown trees (a kind of nut) are located
in historical mining sites (Kanna-Nagashi) with the following micro landform
categories such as gentle slope, concave and rough texture. As the landscape
ecological maps produced by LIDAR data in this study is possible to extract the
important eco-topes, these maps are useful for the fundamental material of evaluation of biodiversity.
Acknowledgments This study was supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (D-0805: project leader is Mamoru Koarai) from Ministry of Environment, Japan.
Several collaborators are listed here: Prof. Ryota Nagasawa, Prof. Yoshiyuki Hioki, Prof. Tsuyoshi
Yoshida, Prof. Akio Yamashita, Dr. Takayuki Nakano, Dr. Hiroshi P. Sato, and Mr. Kosei Otoi.
References
Akutsu O, Ohta M, Isobe T, Ando H, Noguchi T, Shimizu M (2005) Development and utilization
of high precision digital elevation data taken by airborne laser scanner. Bull GSI 52:13–21
Ho LTK, Yamaguchi Y, Umitsu M (2011) Automated micro-landform classification by combination of satellite images and SRTM DEM. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
(IGARSS), IEEE International, pp 3058–3061
Iwahashi J, Pike RJ (2007) Automated classification of topography from DEMs by an
unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature. Geomorphology
86:409–440
Koarai M, Sato HP, Nakno T (2010a) Three dimensional vegetation structure map using LIDAR
data. MAP 48–3:34–46 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Koarai M, Nakano T, Sato HP, Yoshida T, Yamashita A, Nagasawa R, Hioki Y (2010b) Landscape
ecological mapping using lidar data for biodiversity evaluation. Int Arch Photogramm Remote
Sens Spat Inf Sci, vol XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan: 501–506
Koarai M, Nakno T, Sato HP, Nagasawa R, Hioki Y, Shiba E, Nakayama S (2011) Landscape
ecological syudy of iron sand mining site in Chugoku Mountains using airborne laser survey
(LIDAR). J Remote Sens Soc Jpn 31–1:36–44 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Koarai M, Yoshida T, Nagasawa R, Nakano T, Otoi K, Hioki Y, Yamashita A, Sato HP, Shiba E,
Nakayama S, Nishi K (2012) Landscape-ecological map using three dimensional vegertation
7 Airborne Laser Scanning Data
153
The landscape ecological maps using airborne laser survey data have been produced in Mt. Rausu of the Shiretoko Peninsula as World Natural Heritage area and
Mt. Dogo of the Chugoku Mountains as rural area. The basic legend for landscape
ecological map consists of the combination of three dimensional vegetation structure classification using detailed DSM and micro landform classification using
detailed DEM. The legend of three dimensional vegetation structure maps consists
of the combination of vegetation height, thickness of crown and differences
between the two seasons (deciduous single layer tree, deciduous multiple layer
tree and evergreen tree). Landform classification has been carried out by automatic
landform classification using 1 m grid DEM, combining three categories, such as
slope degree, convexity and texture. At the Mt. Rausu, three dimensional vegetation
structures are subject to site elevation rather than micro landform classification. At
the Mt. Dogo, some early deciduous high thin crown trees (a kind of nut) are located
in historical mining sites (Kanna-Nagashi) with the following micro landform
categories such as gentle slope, concave and rough texture. As the landscape
ecological maps produced by LIDAR data in this study is possible to extract the
important eco-topes, these maps are useful for the fundamental material of evaluation of biodiversity.
Acknowledgments This study was supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (D-0805: project leader is Mamoru Koarai) from Ministry of Environment, Japan.
Several collaborators are listed here: Prof. Ryota Nagasawa, Prof. Yoshiyuki Hioki, Prof. Tsuyoshi
Yoshida, Prof. Akio Yamashita, Dr. Takayuki Nakano, Dr. Hiroshi P. Sato, and Mr. Kosei Otoi.
References
Akutsu O, Ohta M, Isobe T, Ando H, Noguchi T, Shimizu M (2005) Development and utilization
of high precision digital elevation data taken by airborne laser scanner. Bull GSI 52:13–21
Ho LTK, Yamaguchi Y, Umitsu M (2011) Automated micro-landform classification by combination of satellite images and SRTM DEM. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
(IGARSS), IEEE International, pp 3058–3061
Iwahashi J, Pike RJ (2007) Automated classification of topography from DEMs by an
unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature. Geomorphology
86:409–440
Koarai M, Sato HP, Nakno T (2010a) Three dimensional vegetation structure map using LIDAR
data. MAP 48–3:34–46 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Koarai M, Nakano T, Sato HP, Yoshida T, Yamashita A, Nagasawa R, Hioki Y (2010b) Landscape
ecological mapping using lidar data for biodiversity evaluation. Int Arch Photogramm Remote
Sens Spat Inf Sci, vol XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan: 501–506
Koarai M, Nakno T, Sato HP, Nagasawa R, Hioki Y, Shiba E, Nakayama S (2011) Landscape
ecological syudy of iron sand mining site in Chugoku Mountains using airborne laser survey
(LIDAR). J Remote Sens Soc Jpn 31–1:36–44 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Koarai M, Yoshida T, Nagasawa R, Nakano T, Otoi K, Hioki Y, Yamashita A, Sato HP, Shiba E,
Nakayama S, Nishi K (2012) Landscape-ecological map using three dimensional vegertation
7 Airborne Laser Scanning Data
153