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Intell PAMI-4(2):157–166
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Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI-2(2):165–168
Li S (2001) Markov random field modeling in image analysis. Springer, New York
Ochilov S, Clausi D (2012) Operational SAR sea ice image classification. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sens 50:4397–4408
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NSCAT data. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1998, vol 4, Seattle, 6–10 July, pp 1976–1978
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Trans Image Process 4(8):1182–1186
Sch€ olkopf B, Smola A, Mu ¨ller KR (1998) Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue
problem. Neural Comput 10:1299–1319
Shokr ME (1991) Evaluation of second-order texture parameters for sea ice classification from
radar images. J Geophys Res 96(C6):10625–10640
Shuchman RA, Wackerman CC, Maffett AL, Onstott RG, Sutherland LL (1989) The discrimination of sea ice types using SAR backscatter statistics. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1989,
Vancouver, 10–14 July, pp 381–385
Soh LK, Tsatsoulis C (1999) Texture analysis of SAR sea ice imagery using gray level
cooccurrence matrices. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 37(2):780–795
Tipping ME, Bishop CM (1999) Mixtures of probabilistic principal component analyzers. Neural
Comput 11(2):443–482
Xie H, Pierce L, Ulaby F (2002) Despeckling SAR images using a low complexity wavelet
denoising process. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 2002, vol 1, Toronto, 24–28 June, pp 321–324
6 Mapping Sea Ice from Satellite SAR Imagery
135
geomatics/satellite-imagery-air-photos/satellite-imagery-products/educational-resources/9309
Deng D, Clausi DA (2005) Unsupervised segmentation of synthetic aperture radar sea ice imagery
using a novel markov random field model. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43(3):528–538
Frost VS, Stiles JA, Shanmugan KS, Holtzman JC (1982) A model for radar images and its
application to adaptive digital filtering of multiplicative noise. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach
Intell PAMI-4(2):157–166
Geman S, Geman D (1984) Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distribution, and the Bayesian restoration
of images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intellegence PAMI-6(6):721–741
Haralick RM, Shanmugam K, Dinstein I (1973) Textural features for image classification. IEEE
Trans Syst Man Cybern 3(6):610–621
Havercamp D, Soh L, Tsatsoulis C (1993) A dynamic local thresholding technique for sea ice
classification. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1993, vol 2, Tokyo, 18–21 Aug, pp 638–640
Heolbaek-Hansen E, Thjelmeland H, Johannessen O, Olaussen MT, Karpuz R (1989) Speckle
reduction and maximum likelihood classification of SAR images from sea ice recorded during
MIZEX 87. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1989, vol 2, Vancouver, 10–14 July, pp 755–758
Hoekman DH (2001) Speckle ensemble statistics of logarithmically scaled data. IEEE Trans
Geosci Remote Sens 29:180–182
IGOS (2007) Integrated global observing strategy cryosphere theme report -for the monitoring of
our environment from space and from earth. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva,
Retrieved from http://igos-cryosphere.org/docs/cryos_theme_report.pdf
Johannessen OM, Alexandrov V, Frolov IY, Sandven S, Pettersson LH, Bobylev LP, Kloster K,
Smirnov VG, Mironov YU, Babich NG (2006) Remote sensing of sea ice in the northern sea
route: studies and applications. Springer, Chichester
Karvonen J (2004) Baltic sea ice SAR segmentation and classification using modified pulse
coupled neural networks. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 42(7):1566–1574
Kuan DT, Sawchuk AA, Strand TC, Chavel P (1985) Adaptive noise smoothing filter for images
with signal-dependent noise. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI-7(2):165–177
Kwok R, Cunningham GF, Wensnahan M, Rigor I, Zwally HJ, Yi D (2009) Thinning and
30 volume loss of the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover: 2003–2008. J Geophys Res 114:C07005
Lee JS (1980) Digital image enhancement and noisefiltering by use of local statistics. IEEE Trans
Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI-2(2):165–168
Li S (2001) Markov random field modeling in image analysis. Springer, New York
Ochilov S, Clausi D (2012) Operational SAR sea ice image classification. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sens 50:4397–4408
Redmund Q, Long D, Drinkwater M (1998) Polar sea ice classification using enhanced resolution
NSCAT data. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1998, vol 4, Seattle, 6–10 July, pp 1976–1978
Samadani R (1995) A finite mixtures algorithm for finding proportions in SAR images. IEEE
Trans Image Process 4(8):1182–1186
Sch€ olkopf B, Smola A, Mu ¨ller KR (1998) Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue
problem. Neural Comput 10:1299–1319
Shokr ME (1991) Evaluation of second-order texture parameters for sea ice classification from
radar images. J Geophys Res 96(C6):10625–10640
Shuchman RA, Wackerman CC, Maffett AL, Onstott RG, Sutherland LL (1989) The discrimination of sea ice types using SAR backscatter statistics. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 1989,
Vancouver, 10–14 July, pp 381–385
Soh LK, Tsatsoulis C (1999) Texture analysis of SAR sea ice imagery using gray level
cooccurrence matrices. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 37(2):780–795
Tipping ME, Bishop CM (1999) Mixtures of probabilistic principal component analyzers. Neural
Comput 11(2):443–482
Xie H, Pierce L, Ulaby F (2002) Despeckling SAR images using a low complexity wavelet
denoising process. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 2002, vol 1, Toronto, 24–28 June, pp 321–324
6 Mapping Sea Ice from Satellite SAR Imagery
135