1 Spatial Data on the Web: Issues and Challenges
11
is given by emerging standards of the OGC. OGC’s aim is to advance the standardization process to guarantee an interoperability in every field including LBSs [8].
OGC has created the OGC Web services (OWS) [14], and the latter has developed
initiatives relevant to LBSs such as the OpenGIS location service (OpenLS) [15],
which is devoted to the development of architectures to support emerging LBSs.
In order to present to the user the information in the best way, the capabilities of the
mobile device have to be considered.
Part IV consists of two chapters presenting innovative applications for mobile
devices. Chapter 12 deals with the problem of data visualization in mobile devices:
the main limitation is the small size and resolution of the display, besides the limited
processing power and input peripherals. The difficult working conditions of a mobile
user are also an issue. Some LBSs are not only dependent on the instantaneous user
position, but rely on the path followed by the user, e.g. traffic jam information.
Chapter 13 discusses various techniques to predict the future positions of moving
objects. These techniques are based on a server-side representation of past user positions; more often the moving object communicates its position to the server, more
accurate can be the prediction of future positions. A challenge is how to predict
future positions with a certain level of accuracy while also reducing client–server
communication.
References
1. Bartie P J, Mackaness W A (2006) Development of a Speech-Based Augmented Reality
System to Support Exploration of Cityscape. Transactions in GIS, 10(1):63–86
2. Bertino E, Sandhu R S (2006) Database Security-Concepts, Approaches, and Challenges.
IEEE Trans. on Dependable Secure Computing 2(1):2–19
3. Bishop M (2005) Introduction to Computer Security. Addison-Wesley Professional
4. Cheverst K, Davies N, et al. (2002) Exploring Context-aware Information Push. Personal
and Ubiquitous Computing 6:276–281
5. Dasarathy B (2001) Information Fusion - What, Where, Why, When, and How? Information Fusion, 2(2):75–76
6. Ferrari E, Thuraisingham B (2005) Web and Information Security. IRM Press
7. Gruber T (1993) A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2):199–220
8. Intergraph (2004) Open Location-Based Services, A White Paper. Mapping and Geospatial Solutions Series
9. ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics (2002) 19107 Geographic information -
Spatial schema, text for FDIS, N. 1324
10. ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics (2003) 19109 Geographic information -
Rules for application schema, text for FDIS, N. 1538
11. ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics (2002) 19113 Geographic information -
Quality principles
12. ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics (2003) 19114 Geographic information -
Quality evaluation procedures
13. Gueting R H, Schneider M (2005) Moving Objects Databases. Morgan Kaufmann
11
is given by emerging standards of the OGC. OGC’s aim is to advance the standardization process to guarantee an interoperability in every field including LBSs [8].
OGC has created the OGC Web services (OWS) [14], and the latter has developed
initiatives relevant to LBSs such as the OpenGIS location service (OpenLS) [15],
which is devoted to the development of architectures to support emerging LBSs.
In order to present to the user the information in the best way, the capabilities of the
mobile device have to be considered.
Part IV consists of two chapters presenting innovative applications for mobile
devices. Chapter 12 deals with the problem of data visualization in mobile devices:
the main limitation is the small size and resolution of the display, besides the limited
processing power and input peripherals. The difficult working conditions of a mobile
user are also an issue. Some LBSs are not only dependent on the instantaneous user
position, but rely on the path followed by the user, e.g. traffic jam information.
Chapter 13 discusses various techniques to predict the future positions of moving
objects. These techniques are based on a server-side representation of past user positions; more often the moving object communicates its position to the server, more
accurate can be the prediction of future positions. A challenge is how to predict
future positions with a certain level of accuracy while also reducing client–server
communication.
References
1. Bartie P J, Mackaness W A (2006) Development of a Speech-Based Augmented Reality
System to Support Exploration of Cityscape. Transactions in GIS, 10(1):63–86
2. Bertino E, Sandhu R S (2006) Database Security-Concepts, Approaches, and Challenges.
IEEE Trans. on Dependable Secure Computing 2(1):2–19
3. Bishop M (2005) Introduction to Computer Security. Addison-Wesley Professional
4. Cheverst K, Davies N, et al. (2002) Exploring Context-aware Information Push. Personal
and Ubiquitous Computing 6:276–281
5. Dasarathy B (2001) Information Fusion - What, Where, Why, When, and How? Information Fusion, 2(2):75–76
6. Ferrari E, Thuraisingham B (2005) Web and Information Security. IRM Press
7. Gruber T (1993) A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2):199–220
8. Intergraph (2004) Open Location-Based Services, A White Paper. Mapping and Geospatial Solutions Series
9. ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics (2002) 19107 Geographic information -
Spatial schema, text for FDIS, N. 1324
10. ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics (2003) 19109 Geographic information -
Rules for application schema, text for FDIS, N. 1538
11. ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics (2002) 19113 Geographic information -
Quality principles
12. ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics (2003) 19114 Geographic information -
Quality evaluation procedures
13. Gueting R H, Schneider M (2005) Moving Objects Databases. Morgan Kaufmann