motion modeling, and free surface modeling. The work shows CFD to be useful in
identifying possibilities for microcarrier exposure to regions of stress levels that
could cause cell damage and stem cell differentiation issues. As such, CFD shows
promise for use as risk-mitigation tool prior to commissioning protocols used in
stem-cell bioreactors.
A numerical simulation of the turbulent flow of a vortex-ingesting dual impeller
stirred tank designed for the production of H 2 by biological fermentation of waste
organics has been presented by Montantea et al. (2012). In this work, the fluid
dynamic and operational features of the bioreactor are predicted. This leads to
conclude that the CFD strategy already developed for simpler gas–liquid stirred
vessels can be usefully applied to the design of bioreactors for hydrogen fermentation, provided that further developments of the model for including fermentation and mass transfer are performed. The overall process of H 2 production
by fermentation has been already implemented in the hydrodynamic model by
defining a volumetric reaction kinetic on the bags volumes, defined as porous
regions with the same pressure drops as the real support adopted for the biomass
growth. As for the gas flow rate, after stripping the hydrogen is allowed to escape
from the reactor with the inert recirculated gas previously predicted by the fluid
dynamic simulation.
12.7 Looking into the Future
Advances in telecommunications, such as wireless networking and Internet technology (TCP/IP), facilitate the monitoring of environmental conditions in greenhouses. Pontikakos et al. (2005) designed a Web-based application for real-time
predictive modeling of temperature and air velocity patterns, which consist of a
user interface, interpolation process data generated by CFD and an output
interface.
A lighting systems model with different optical properties was developed by
Mikulka et al. (2010) who show various settings for the R-FEM method in the
CFX environment.
CFD ventilation space still tends to be a slow process today, while the computation time for the ventilation system and control simulation strategy is negligible. Sun and Wang (2010) found that the test method is more effective than the
simplified numerical models, which require more powerful computers. Stavrakakis
et al. (2010) concluded that Artificial Neural Networks coupled with CFD models
are a powerful computational tool to evaluate the energy savings of various
architectural designs.
Currently, CFD studies mainly considered natural ventilation, increasing the
realism of simulations by adding features such as the modeling of the crop inside
greenhouse. However, it is still necessary to model plant physiological processes
such as respiration and transpiration that define the terms of CO 2 and relative
humidity mainly in crop space (De la Torre-Gea and Ríco-García 2010).
12 Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Biosystems
359
identifying possibilities for microcarrier exposure to regions of stress levels that
could cause cell damage and stem cell differentiation issues. As such, CFD shows
promise for use as risk-mitigation tool prior to commissioning protocols used in
stem-cell bioreactors.
A numerical simulation of the turbulent flow of a vortex-ingesting dual impeller
stirred tank designed for the production of H 2 by biological fermentation of waste
organics has been presented by Montantea et al. (2012). In this work, the fluid
dynamic and operational features of the bioreactor are predicted. This leads to
conclude that the CFD strategy already developed for simpler gas–liquid stirred
vessels can be usefully applied to the design of bioreactors for hydrogen fermentation, provided that further developments of the model for including fermentation and mass transfer are performed. The overall process of H 2 production
by fermentation has been already implemented in the hydrodynamic model by
defining a volumetric reaction kinetic on the bags volumes, defined as porous
regions with the same pressure drops as the real support adopted for the biomass
growth. As for the gas flow rate, after stripping the hydrogen is allowed to escape
from the reactor with the inert recirculated gas previously predicted by the fluid
dynamic simulation.
12.7 Looking into the Future
Advances in telecommunications, such as wireless networking and Internet technology (TCP/IP), facilitate the monitoring of environmental conditions in greenhouses. Pontikakos et al. (2005) designed a Web-based application for real-time
predictive modeling of temperature and air velocity patterns, which consist of a
user interface, interpolation process data generated by CFD and an output
interface.
A lighting systems model with different optical properties was developed by
Mikulka et al. (2010) who show various settings for the R-FEM method in the
CFX environment.
CFD ventilation space still tends to be a slow process today, while the computation time for the ventilation system and control simulation strategy is negligible. Sun and Wang (2010) found that the test method is more effective than the
simplified numerical models, which require more powerful computers. Stavrakakis
et al. (2010) concluded that Artificial Neural Networks coupled with CFD models
are a powerful computational tool to evaluate the energy savings of various
architectural designs.
Currently, CFD studies mainly considered natural ventilation, increasing the
realism of simulations by adding features such as the modeling of the crop inside
greenhouse. However, it is still necessary to model plant physiological processes
such as respiration and transpiration that define the terms of CO 2 and relative
humidity mainly in crop space (De la Torre-Gea and Ríco-García 2010).
12 Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Biosystems
359