wastewater; while the doped material removes 100 % of total fecal coliforms after
3 h of solar light exposure, except for just one tube of 10 %w Ag in the concentration of 10
-1 .
The confirmative medium shows that for the pure TiO 2 , E. coli was present in a
concentration \7.8/100 ml; and for doped material there is no presence of gas in
any sample tested, which indicates that purification process has better performance
with doped material and the obtained water can be reused for food production free
of pathogen agents.
For the metal removal, the material obtained for traditional method shows high
capacity of copper removal compared with material obtained by microwave
method, indicating that amino group free number is the most important factor for
metal chelation, and these materials could be enhanced with others of similar
nature.
In general, the complete process of biological, disinfection, and metal removal,
has a high potential to be used to obtain water with enough quality, free of
pathogen agents (microorganisms and metal ions), to be reused either for food
production or activities that require constant human contact.
References
Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan AA, Ibraheem BM (2012) Saudi J Biol Sci 19:257–275
Ahluwalia SS, Goyal D (2005) Eng Life Sci 5:158–162
Alves NM, Mano JF (2008) Int J Biol Macromol 43:401–414
Asma D, Kahraman S, Cing S, Yesilada O (2006) J Basic Microbiol 46:3–9
Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) J Hazard Mater 97:219–243
Barros AJM, Prasad S, Leite VD, Souza AG (2006) Braz J Chem Eng 23:153–162
Bazilian M, Rogner H, Howells M, Hermann S, Arent D, Gielen D, Steduto P, Mueller A, Komor P,
Tol RSJ, Yumkella KK (2011) Energy Policy 39:7896–7906
Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2009) Adv Colloid Interface Sci 152:26–38
Bodaghi H, Mostofi Y, Oromiehie A, Zamani Z, Ghanbarzadeh B, Costa C, Conte A, Del Nobile
MA (2013) LWT—Food Sci Technol 50:702–706
Bolto B, Dixon D, Eldridge R (2004) React Funct Polym 60:171–182
Bonnett R, Krysteva MA, Lalov IG, Artarsky SV (2006) Water Res 40:1269–1275
Brugnerotto J, Lizardi J, Goycoolea FM, Arguelles-Monal W, Desbrieres J, Rinaudo M (2001)
Polymer 42:3569–3580
Casani S, Knøchel S (2002) Food Control 13:315–327
Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL, Hassell DG (2009) Chem Eng J 155:1–18
Chapman H (2006) Desalination 188:105–111
Chauhan D, Jaiswal M, Sankararamakrishnan N (2012) Carbohydr Polym 88:670–675
Christy AA, Kvalheim OM, Velapoldi RA (1995) Vib Spectrosc 9:19–27
Domard A, Domard M (2002) In: Dumitriu S (ed) Polymeric biomaterials. Marcel Dekker, New
York, pp 187–212
Elizalde-Peña EA, Flores-Ramirez N, Luna-Barcenas G, Vásquez-García SR, Arámbula-Villa G,
García-Gaitán B, Rutiaga-Quiñones JG, González-Hernández J (2007) Eur Polymer J
43:3963–3969
Elizaquível P, Gabaldón JA, Aznar R (2011) Food Control 22:158–164
Elizaquível P, Sánchez G, Selma MV, Aznar R (2012) Food Microbiol 30:316–320
3 Water Recycling in Biosystems for Food Production
95
3 h of solar light exposure, except for just one tube of 10 %w Ag in the concentration of 10
-1 .
The confirmative medium shows that for the pure TiO 2 , E. coli was present in a
concentration \7.8/100 ml; and for doped material there is no presence of gas in
any sample tested, which indicates that purification process has better performance
with doped material and the obtained water can be reused for food production free
of pathogen agents.
For the metal removal, the material obtained for traditional method shows high
capacity of copper removal compared with material obtained by microwave
method, indicating that amino group free number is the most important factor for
metal chelation, and these materials could be enhanced with others of similar
nature.
In general, the complete process of biological, disinfection, and metal removal,
has a high potential to be used to obtain water with enough quality, free of
pathogen agents (microorganisms and metal ions), to be reused either for food
production or activities that require constant human contact.
References
Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan AA, Ibraheem BM (2012) Saudi J Biol Sci 19:257–275
Ahluwalia SS, Goyal D (2005) Eng Life Sci 5:158–162
Alves NM, Mano JF (2008) Int J Biol Macromol 43:401–414
Asma D, Kahraman S, Cing S, Yesilada O (2006) J Basic Microbiol 46:3–9
Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) J Hazard Mater 97:219–243
Barros AJM, Prasad S, Leite VD, Souza AG (2006) Braz J Chem Eng 23:153–162
Bazilian M, Rogner H, Howells M, Hermann S, Arent D, Gielen D, Steduto P, Mueller A, Komor P,
Tol RSJ, Yumkella KK (2011) Energy Policy 39:7896–7906
Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2009) Adv Colloid Interface Sci 152:26–38
Bodaghi H, Mostofi Y, Oromiehie A, Zamani Z, Ghanbarzadeh B, Costa C, Conte A, Del Nobile
MA (2013) LWT—Food Sci Technol 50:702–706
Bolto B, Dixon D, Eldridge R (2004) React Funct Polym 60:171–182
Bonnett R, Krysteva MA, Lalov IG, Artarsky SV (2006) Water Res 40:1269–1275
Brugnerotto J, Lizardi J, Goycoolea FM, Arguelles-Monal W, Desbrieres J, Rinaudo M (2001)
Polymer 42:3569–3580
Casani S, Knøchel S (2002) Food Control 13:315–327
Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL, Hassell DG (2009) Chem Eng J 155:1–18
Chapman H (2006) Desalination 188:105–111
Chauhan D, Jaiswal M, Sankararamakrishnan N (2012) Carbohydr Polym 88:670–675
Christy AA, Kvalheim OM, Velapoldi RA (1995) Vib Spectrosc 9:19–27
Domard A, Domard M (2002) In: Dumitriu S (ed) Polymeric biomaterials. Marcel Dekker, New
York, pp 187–212
Elizalde-Peña EA, Flores-Ramirez N, Luna-Barcenas G, Vásquez-García SR, Arámbula-Villa G,
García-Gaitán B, Rutiaga-Quiñones JG, González-Hernández J (2007) Eur Polymer J
43:3963–3969
Elizaquível P, Gabaldón JA, Aznar R (2011) Food Control 22:158–164
Elizaquível P, Sánchez G, Selma MV, Aznar R (2012) Food Microbiol 30:316–320
3 Water Recycling in Biosystems for Food Production
95