1 The African Marginal and Enclosed Seas: An Overview
29
Red Sea
Bower AS, Hunt HD, Price JF (2000) Character and dynamics of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf
outflows. J Geophys Res 105:6387–6414
Edwards AJ (1987) Climate and oceanography. In: Edwards AJ, Head SM (eds) Red Sea: key
environments. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 45–69
Eschel G, Cane MA, Blumenthal MB (1994) Modes of subsurface, intermediate, and deep water
renewal in the Red Sea. J Geophys Res 99:15941–15952
Gladstone W, Tawfiq N, Nasr D, Andersen I, Cheung C, Drammeh H, Krupp F, Lintner S (1999)
Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden:
issues, needs and strategic actions. Ocean Coast Manag 42:671–697
Grassen G, Kroon D (1991) Evidence for Red Sea surface circulation from oxygen isotopes of
modern surface waters and planktonic foraminiferal test. Paleoceanography 6:73–82
Head SM (1987) Red Sea fisheries. In: Edwards AJ, Head SM (eds) Red Sea: key environments.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 363–382
Kinder TH, Bryden HL (1990) Aspiration of deep waters through straits. In: Pratt LJ (ed) The
physical oceanography of sea straits. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 295–319
Morcos SA (1970) Physical and chemical oceanography of the Red Sea. Oceanography Marine
Biology Annual Review 8:73–202
Murray SP, Jones W (1997) Direct observations of seasonal exchange through the Bab al Mandab
Strait. Geophys Res Lett 24:2557–2560
Quadfasel D, Baudner H (1993) Gyre-scale circulation cells in the Red Sea. Oceanol Acta 16:
221–229
Sheppard C, Prince A, Roberts C (1992) Marine ecology of the Arabian region. Academic Press,
London
Sheppard CRC (2000) The Red Sea. In: Sheppard CRC (ed) Seas at the millennium: and
environmental evaluation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 35–45
Siedler G (1969) General circulation of the water masses in the Red Sea. In: Degens ET, Ross DA
(eds) Hot brines and recent heavy metals deposits in the Red Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 131–137
Smeed DA (1997) Seasonal variations of the flow in the strait of Bab el Mandab. Oceanol Acta
20:773–781
Smeed DA (2000) Hydraulic control of three-layer exchange flows: application to the Bab el
Mandab. J Phys Oceanogr 30:2574–2588
Sofianos S, Johns WE, Murray SP (2002) Heat and freshwater budgets in the Red Sea from direct
observations at Bab el Mandab. Deep-Sea Res Part II 49:1323–1340
Outlook
Barale V, Gade M (eds) (2008) Remote sensing of the European seas. Springer, Heidelberg
Bhatt JJ (1978) Oceanography. Exploring the planet ocean. D Van Nostrand Company, New York
Kitchen K (1993) The land of punt. In: Shaw T, Sinclair P,Andah B, OkpokoA (eds) The archaeology
of Africa: foods, metals, towns. Routledge, London, pp 587–608
Peterson RG, Stramma L, Kortum G (1996) Early concepts in charts and circulation. Prog Oceanogr
37:1–115
Tyldesley J (1996). Hatchepsut: the female pharaoh. Viking, London
Tomczak M, Godfrey JS (2003) Regional oceanography: an introduction, 2nd Improved edn. Daya
Publishing House, Delhi
29
Red Sea
Bower AS, Hunt HD, Price JF (2000) Character and dynamics of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf
outflows. J Geophys Res 105:6387–6414
Edwards AJ (1987) Climate and oceanography. In: Edwards AJ, Head SM (eds) Red Sea: key
environments. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 45–69
Eschel G, Cane MA, Blumenthal MB (1994) Modes of subsurface, intermediate, and deep water
renewal in the Red Sea. J Geophys Res 99:15941–15952
Gladstone W, Tawfiq N, Nasr D, Andersen I, Cheung C, Drammeh H, Krupp F, Lintner S (1999)
Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden:
issues, needs and strategic actions. Ocean Coast Manag 42:671–697
Grassen G, Kroon D (1991) Evidence for Red Sea surface circulation from oxygen isotopes of
modern surface waters and planktonic foraminiferal test. Paleoceanography 6:73–82
Head SM (1987) Red Sea fisheries. In: Edwards AJ, Head SM (eds) Red Sea: key environments.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 363–382
Kinder TH, Bryden HL (1990) Aspiration of deep waters through straits. In: Pratt LJ (ed) The
physical oceanography of sea straits. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 295–319
Morcos SA (1970) Physical and chemical oceanography of the Red Sea. Oceanography Marine
Biology Annual Review 8:73–202
Murray SP, Jones W (1997) Direct observations of seasonal exchange through the Bab al Mandab
Strait. Geophys Res Lett 24:2557–2560
Quadfasel D, Baudner H (1993) Gyre-scale circulation cells in the Red Sea. Oceanol Acta 16:
221–229
Sheppard C, Prince A, Roberts C (1992) Marine ecology of the Arabian region. Academic Press,
London
Sheppard CRC (2000) The Red Sea. In: Sheppard CRC (ed) Seas at the millennium: and
environmental evaluation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 35–45
Siedler G (1969) General circulation of the water masses in the Red Sea. In: Degens ET, Ross DA
(eds) Hot brines and recent heavy metals deposits in the Red Sea. Springer, Berlin, pp 131–137
Smeed DA (1997) Seasonal variations of the flow in the strait of Bab el Mandab. Oceanol Acta
20:773–781
Smeed DA (2000) Hydraulic control of three-layer exchange flows: application to the Bab el
Mandab. J Phys Oceanogr 30:2574–2588
Sofianos S, Johns WE, Murray SP (2002) Heat and freshwater budgets in the Red Sea from direct
observations at Bab el Mandab. Deep-Sea Res Part II 49:1323–1340
Outlook
Barale V, Gade M (eds) (2008) Remote sensing of the European seas. Springer, Heidelberg
Bhatt JJ (1978) Oceanography. Exploring the planet ocean. D Van Nostrand Company, New York
Kitchen K (1993) The land of punt. In: Shaw T, Sinclair P,Andah B, OkpokoA (eds) The archaeology
of Africa: foods, metals, towns. Routledge, London, pp 587–608
Peterson RG, Stramma L, Kortum G (1996) Early concepts in charts and circulation. Prog Oceanogr
37:1–115
Tyldesley J (1996). Hatchepsut: the female pharaoh. Viking, London
Tomczak M, Godfrey JS (2003) Regional oceanography: an introduction, 2nd Improved edn. Daya
Publishing House, Delhi