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barotropic tidal currents interacting with critical slopes. SAR imagery has also revealed that the MC is a preferential region for observing other IW phenomena such
as mode 2 ISWs and strong refraction patterns. The data suggests that the mode 2
ISWs have also been generated by tidal beams, similarly to some of the mode 1
waves observed in the SAR. This confirms some conclusions drawn from other independent studies using modeling and laboratory experiments (Grisouard et al. 2011
and Mercier et al. 2012, respectively) about the origin of mode 2 solitary-like waves
by tidal beams. The refraction patterns in SAR revealed that it is likely that ISWs
in MC can frequently interact with oceanic features such as eddy-like structures,
which propagate year-round through the MC and affect the local vertical structure of
the ocean. Large-scale AGWs are also a ubiquitous feature in MC, especially from
July to October, and care should be taken to avoid miss-interpretations in SAR with
oceanic ISWs.
References
Akylas TR, Grimshaw RHJ, Clark SR, Tabaei A (2007) Reflecting tidal wave beams and local generation of solitary waves in the ocean thermocline. J Fluid Mech 593:297–313.
doi:10.1017/S0022112007008786
Alpers W (1985) Theory of radar imaging of internal waves. Nature 314:245–247.
doi:10.1038/413245a0
Alpers W, Huang W (2011) On the discrimination of radar signatures of atmospheric gravity waves
and oceanic internal waves on synthetic aperture radar images of the sea surface. IEEE Trans
Geosci Remote Sens 49(3):1114–1126
Alpers W, Stilke G (1996) Observations of a nonlinear wave disturbance in marine atmosphere by
synthetic aperture radar aboard the ERS 1 satellite. J Geophys Res 101:6512–6525
Azevedo A, da Silva JCB, New AL (2006) On the generation and propagation of internal waves in
the southern Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Res Part I 53:927941. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.01.013
Baines PG (1982) On internal tides generation models. Deep-Sea Res Part I 29:307–338.
doi:10.1016/0198-0149(82)90098-X
Bedard AJ, Canavero F, Einaudi F (1986) Atmospheric gravity waves and aircraft turbulence
encounters. J Atmos Sci 43(23):2838–2844
Colosi JA, Beardsley RC, Lynch JF, Gawarkiewicz G, Chiu CS, Scotti A (2001) Observations
of nonlinear internal waves on the outer New England continental shelf during the summer
Shelfbreak Primer study. J Geophys Res 106(C5):9587–9601. doi:10.1029/2000JC900124
Christie DR, Muirhead KJ (1983) Solitary waves: a hazard to aircraft operating at low altitudes.
Aust Meteorol Mag 31:97–109
Crook AN (1986) The effect of ambient stratification and moisture on the motion of atmospheric
undular bores. J Atmos Sci 43(2):171–181
da Silva JCB, Helfrich KR (2008) Synthetic aperture radar observations of resonantly generated internal solitary waves at Race Point Channel (Cape Cod). J Geophys Res 113:C11016.
doi:10.1029/2008JC005004
da Silva JCB, Magalhaes JM (2009) Satellites observations of large atmospheric gravity waves in
the Mozambique Channel. Int J Remote Sens 30(5):1161–1182
da Silva JCB, Ermakov SA, Robinson IS, Jeans DRG, Kijashko SV (1998) Role of surface films in
ERS SAR signatures of internal waves on the shelf. 1. Short-period of internal waves. J Geophys
Res 103(C4):8009–8031. doi:10.1029/97JC02725
J. M. Magalhaes et al.
barotropic tidal currents interacting with critical slopes. SAR imagery has also revealed that the MC is a preferential region for observing other IW phenomena such
as mode 2 ISWs and strong refraction patterns. The data suggests that the mode 2
ISWs have also been generated by tidal beams, similarly to some of the mode 1
waves observed in the SAR. This confirms some conclusions drawn from other independent studies using modeling and laboratory experiments (Grisouard et al. 2011
and Mercier et al. 2012, respectively) about the origin of mode 2 solitary-like waves
by tidal beams. The refraction patterns in SAR revealed that it is likely that ISWs
in MC can frequently interact with oceanic features such as eddy-like structures,
which propagate year-round through the MC and affect the local vertical structure of
the ocean. Large-scale AGWs are also a ubiquitous feature in MC, especially from
July to October, and care should be taken to avoid miss-interpretations in SAR with
oceanic ISWs.
References
Akylas TR, Grimshaw RHJ, Clark SR, Tabaei A (2007) Reflecting tidal wave beams and local generation of solitary waves in the ocean thermocline. J Fluid Mech 593:297–313.
doi:10.1017/S0022112007008786
Alpers W (1985) Theory of radar imaging of internal waves. Nature 314:245–247.
doi:10.1038/413245a0
Alpers W, Huang W (2011) On the discrimination of radar signatures of atmospheric gravity waves
and oceanic internal waves on synthetic aperture radar images of the sea surface. IEEE Trans
Geosci Remote Sens 49(3):1114–1126
Alpers W, Stilke G (1996) Observations of a nonlinear wave disturbance in marine atmosphere by
synthetic aperture radar aboard the ERS 1 satellite. J Geophys Res 101:6512–6525
Azevedo A, da Silva JCB, New AL (2006) On the generation and propagation of internal waves in
the southern Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Res Part I 53:927941. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.01.013
Baines PG (1982) On internal tides generation models. Deep-Sea Res Part I 29:307–338.
doi:10.1016/0198-0149(82)90098-X
Bedard AJ, Canavero F, Einaudi F (1986) Atmospheric gravity waves and aircraft turbulence
encounters. J Atmos Sci 43(23):2838–2844
Colosi JA, Beardsley RC, Lynch JF, Gawarkiewicz G, Chiu CS, Scotti A (2001) Observations
of nonlinear internal waves on the outer New England continental shelf during the summer
Shelfbreak Primer study. J Geophys Res 106(C5):9587–9601. doi:10.1029/2000JC900124
Christie DR, Muirhead KJ (1983) Solitary waves: a hazard to aircraft operating at low altitudes.
Aust Meteorol Mag 31:97–109
Crook AN (1986) The effect of ambient stratification and moisture on the motion of atmospheric
undular bores. J Atmos Sci 43(2):171–181
da Silva JCB, Helfrich KR (2008) Synthetic aperture radar observations of resonantly generated internal solitary waves at Race Point Channel (Cape Cod). J Geophys Res 113:C11016.
doi:10.1029/2008JC005004
da Silva JCB, Magalhaes JM (2009) Satellites observations of large atmospheric gravity waves in
the Mozambique Channel. Int J Remote Sens 30(5):1161–1182
da Silva JCB, Ermakov SA, Robinson IS, Jeans DRG, Kijashko SV (1998) Role of surface films in
ERS SAR signatures of internal waves on the shelf. 1. Short-period of internal waves. J Geophys
Res 103(C4):8009–8031. doi:10.1029/97JC02725