202
S. Bernard et al.
Morel A, Claustre H, Antoine D, Gentili B (2007) Natural variability of bio-optical properties in
Case 1 waters: attenuation and reflectance within the visible and near-UV spectral domains, as
observed in South Pacific and Mediterranean waters. Biogeosciences 4:913–925
Nelder JA, Mead R (1965) A Simplex Method for Function Minimization. Comp J 7:308–313
Nymark M, Valle KC, Brembu T, Hancke K, Winge P et al (2009) An integrated analysis of molecular acclimation to high light in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS ONE
4(11):e7743
Pitcher GC, Calder D (2000) Harmful Algal Blooms of the southern Benguela current: a review
and appraisal of monitoring from 1989–1997. S Afr J Mar Sci 22:255–271
Pitcher GC, Probyn TA (2011) Anoxia in southern Benguela during the autumn of 2009 and its
linkage to a bloom of the dinoflagellate Ceratium balechii. Harmful Algae 11:23–32
Pitcher GC, Weeks SJ (2006) The variability and potential for prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms
in the southern Benguela ecosystem. In: Shannon, V, Hempel G, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Moloney
C, Woods J (eds) Benguela: Predicting a large marine ecosystem. Elsevier 14:125–146
Pitcher GC, Bernard S, Fawcett A (2008a) Real-time coastal observing systems for ecosystem
dynamics and harmful algal blooms: the needs and expectations of users. In: Babin M, Roesler
CS, Cullen JJ (eds) Real-time coastal observing systems for marine ecosystem dynamics and
harmful algal blooms. UNESCO, Paris, France
Pitcher GC, Bernard S, Ntuli J (2008b) Contrasting bays and red tides in the southern Benguela
upwelling system. Oceanography 21(3):82–91
Pitcher GC, Krock B, Cembella AD (2011) Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in
the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis in the southern Benguela
ecosystem. Afr J Mar Sci 33:273–281
Probyn TA, Pitcher GC, Pienaar RN, Nuzzi R (2001) Brown tides and mariculture in Saldanha Bay,
South Africa. Mar Pollut Bull 42(5):405–408
Probyn TA, Bernard S, Pitcher GC, Pienaar RN (2010) Ecophysiological studies on Aureococcus
anophagefferens blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Harmful Algae 9:123–133
Quirantes A, Bernard S (2006) Light-scattering methods for modelling algal particles as a collection
of coated and/or nonspherical scatterers. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 100(1–3):315–324
Roesler CS, Boss E (2003) Spectral beam attenuation coefficient retrieved from ocean color
inversion. Geophys Res Lett 30(9):1–4
Roy S, Sathyendranath S, Platt T (2011) Retrieval of phytoplankton size from bio-optical
measurements: theory and applications. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 8(58):650–660
Schiller H, Doerffer R (1999) Neural network for emulation of an inverse model operational
derivation of Case II water properties from MERIS data. Int J Remote Sens 20(9):1735–1746
Schiller H, Doerffer R (2005) Improved determination of coastal water constituent concentrations
from MERIS data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43(7):1585–1591
Smayda TJ (1997) What is a bloom? A commentary. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1132–1136
Smayda TJ (2002) Turbulence, watermass stratification and harmful algal blooms: an alternative
view and frontal zones as “pelagic seed banks”. Harmful Algae 1:95–112
Tomlinson MC, Wynne TT, Stumpf RP (2009) An evaluation of remote sensing techniques
for enhanced detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Remote Sens Environ
113(3):598–609
Trainer VL, Pitcher GC, Reguera B, Smayda TJ (2010) The distribution and impacts of harmful
algal bloom species in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Prog Oceanogr 85:33–52
Van derLCD, Freón P, Hutchings L, Roy C, Bailey GW, Bartholomae C, Cockcroft AC, Field
JG, Peard KR, Van derPAK (2006) Forecasting shelf processes of relevance to living marine
resources in the BCLME. In: Shannon, V, Hempel G, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Moloney C, Woods
J (eds) Benguela: Predicting a large marine ecosystem. Elsevier 14:309–347
Volten AH, Haan JFD, Hovenier JW, Schreurs R, Vassen W, Dekker AG, Hoogenboom J et al (1998)
Laboratory measurements of angular distributions of light scattered by Phytoplankton and Silt.
Limnol Oceanogr 43(6):1180–1197
S. Bernard et al.
Morel A, Claustre H, Antoine D, Gentili B (2007) Natural variability of bio-optical properties in
Case 1 waters: attenuation and reflectance within the visible and near-UV spectral domains, as
observed in South Pacific and Mediterranean waters. Biogeosciences 4:913–925
Nelder JA, Mead R (1965) A Simplex Method for Function Minimization. Comp J 7:308–313
Nymark M, Valle KC, Brembu T, Hancke K, Winge P et al (2009) An integrated analysis of molecular acclimation to high light in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS ONE
4(11):e7743
Pitcher GC, Calder D (2000) Harmful Algal Blooms of the southern Benguela current: a review
and appraisal of monitoring from 1989–1997. S Afr J Mar Sci 22:255–271
Pitcher GC, Probyn TA (2011) Anoxia in southern Benguela during the autumn of 2009 and its
linkage to a bloom of the dinoflagellate Ceratium balechii. Harmful Algae 11:23–32
Pitcher GC, Weeks SJ (2006) The variability and potential for prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms
in the southern Benguela ecosystem. In: Shannon, V, Hempel G, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Moloney
C, Woods J (eds) Benguela: Predicting a large marine ecosystem. Elsevier 14:125–146
Pitcher GC, Bernard S, Fawcett A (2008a) Real-time coastal observing systems for ecosystem
dynamics and harmful algal blooms: the needs and expectations of users. In: Babin M, Roesler
CS, Cullen JJ (eds) Real-time coastal observing systems for marine ecosystem dynamics and
harmful algal blooms. UNESCO, Paris, France
Pitcher GC, Bernard S, Ntuli J (2008b) Contrasting bays and red tides in the southern Benguela
upwelling system. Oceanography 21(3):82–91
Pitcher GC, Krock B, Cembella AD (2011) Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in
the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis in the southern Benguela
ecosystem. Afr J Mar Sci 33:273–281
Probyn TA, Pitcher GC, Pienaar RN, Nuzzi R (2001) Brown tides and mariculture in Saldanha Bay,
South Africa. Mar Pollut Bull 42(5):405–408
Probyn TA, Bernard S, Pitcher GC, Pienaar RN (2010) Ecophysiological studies on Aureococcus
anophagefferens blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Harmful Algae 9:123–133
Quirantes A, Bernard S (2006) Light-scattering methods for modelling algal particles as a collection
of coated and/or nonspherical scatterers. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 100(1–3):315–324
Roesler CS, Boss E (2003) Spectral beam attenuation coefficient retrieved from ocean color
inversion. Geophys Res Lett 30(9):1–4
Roy S, Sathyendranath S, Platt T (2011) Retrieval of phytoplankton size from bio-optical
measurements: theory and applications. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 8(58):650–660
Schiller H, Doerffer R (1999) Neural network for emulation of an inverse model operational
derivation of Case II water properties from MERIS data. Int J Remote Sens 20(9):1735–1746
Schiller H, Doerffer R (2005) Improved determination of coastal water constituent concentrations
from MERIS data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43(7):1585–1591
Smayda TJ (1997) What is a bloom? A commentary. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1132–1136
Smayda TJ (2002) Turbulence, watermass stratification and harmful algal blooms: an alternative
view and frontal zones as “pelagic seed banks”. Harmful Algae 1:95–112
Tomlinson MC, Wynne TT, Stumpf RP (2009) An evaluation of remote sensing techniques
for enhanced detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Remote Sens Environ
113(3):598–609
Trainer VL, Pitcher GC, Reguera B, Smayda TJ (2010) The distribution and impacts of harmful
algal bloom species in eastern boundary upwelling systems. Prog Oceanogr 85:33–52
Van derLCD, Freón P, Hutchings L, Roy C, Bailey GW, Bartholomae C, Cockcroft AC, Field
JG, Peard KR, Van derPAK (2006) Forecasting shelf processes of relevance to living marine
resources in the BCLME. In: Shannon, V, Hempel G, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Moloney C, Woods
J (eds) Benguela: Predicting a large marine ecosystem. Elsevier 14:309–347
Volten AH, Haan JFD, Hovenier JW, Schreurs R, Vassen W, Dekker AG, Hoogenboom J et al (1998)
Laboratory measurements of angular distributions of light scattered by Phytoplankton and Silt.
Limnol Oceanogr 43(6):1180–1197