References
437
Engel,]. and R. Kvitek. 1998. Effects of otter trawling on a benthic community in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, ConseruationBiology, Vol. 12, pp . 1204-1214.
Erwin, T.L. 1982. Tropical Forests: Their Richness in Coleoptera and Other Arthropod Species, Coleopterists Bulletin, Vol. 36, pp. 74-75.
Erwin, T.L. 1991. How Many Species Are There? Revisited, Conservation Biology,
Vol. 5, pp . 330-333.
Estes, ].A. and D.O. Duggins. 1995. Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in Alaska: Generality and Variation in a Community Ecological Paradigm, Ecological Monographs ,
Vol. 65, pp. 75-100.
Estes, ].A., N.S. Smith, and].F. Palmisano . 1978. Sea Otter Predation and Community
Organization in the Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Ecology, Vol. 59, pp .
822-833 .
Federal Register. 1996. Provisions of the Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Management Plan, May 31, 1996, Vol. 61, No. 106, pp . 27710-27750.
Federal Register. 1997. Magnuson Act Provisions; Essential Fish Habitat. 50 CFR 600
et seq .
Feeny, D., S. Hanna , and A.F. McEnvoy. 1996. Questioning the Assumptions of the
"Tragedy of the Commons" Model of Fisheries, Land Economics, Vol. 72, No.2,
pp . 187-205.
Fraser, S., V. Gotceitas, and ].A. Brown . 1996. Interactions between Age-Classes of
Atlantic Cod and Their Distribution between Bottom Substrates, Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 53, pp . 305-314.
Freese, L. , P.]. Auster,]. Heifetz, and B. Wing. 1999. Impacts of Trawling on Seafloor
Habitat in the Gulf of Alaska: Changes in Habitat Structure and Associated Invertebrate Taxa, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 182, pp. 119-126.
Gabriel, W.L. 1992. Persistence of Demersal Fish Assemblages between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia, Northwest Atlantic, Journal ofNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries
Science, Vol. 14, pp . 29-46 .
Gallagher, E.D., P.A. jumars, and D.O. Trueblood. 1983. Facilitation of Soft-Bottom
Benthic Succession by Tube Builders, Ecology, Vol. 64, pp . 1200-1216.
Galtsoff, P.S. 1962. The Story of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts. U.S. Dept . Interior Cire. No. 145, 121 pp .
Gerstner, CL. 1998. Use of Substratum Ripples for Flow Refuging by Atlantic Cod,
Gadus morhua, Environmental Biology ofFishes, Vol. 51, pp . 455-460.
Giske, ]. and A. Gro Vea Salvanes. 1999. A Model for Enhancement Potentials in
Open Ecosystems, in B.R. Howell, E. Moksness, and T. Svasand (eds.), Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching, Fishing News Books, Oxford , pp . 22-36 .
Gordon, H.S. 1954. The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The
Fishery, Journal ofPolitical Economy, Vol. 62, pp . 124-142.
Gotceitas, V. and ].A. Brown. 1993. Substrate Selection by Juvenile Atlantic Cod
(Gadus morbua). Effects of Predation Risk, Oecologia, Vol. 93, pp. 31-37.
Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and ].A. Brown . 1995. Habitat Use by Juvenile Atlantic Cod
(Gadus morhua) in the Presence of an Actively Foraging and Non-Foraging
Predator, Marine Biology, Vol. 123, pp . 421-430 .
Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and ].A. Brown . 1997. Use of Eelgrass Beds (Zostera marina) by Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morbud), Canadian Journal ofFisheries
and Aquatic Science, Vol. 54, pp . 1306-1319.
Gotelli, N.]. 1995. A Primer of Ecology, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
437
Engel,]. and R. Kvitek. 1998. Effects of otter trawling on a benthic community in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, ConseruationBiology, Vol. 12, pp . 1204-1214.
Erwin, T.L. 1982. Tropical Forests: Their Richness in Coleoptera and Other Arthropod Species, Coleopterists Bulletin, Vol. 36, pp. 74-75.
Erwin, T.L. 1991. How Many Species Are There? Revisited, Conservation Biology,
Vol. 5, pp . 330-333.
Estes, ].A. and D.O. Duggins. 1995. Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in Alaska: Generality and Variation in a Community Ecological Paradigm, Ecological Monographs ,
Vol. 65, pp. 75-100.
Estes, ].A., N.S. Smith, and].F. Palmisano . 1978. Sea Otter Predation and Community
Organization in the Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Ecology, Vol. 59, pp .
822-833 .
Federal Register. 1996. Provisions of the Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Management Plan, May 31, 1996, Vol. 61, No. 106, pp . 27710-27750.
Federal Register. 1997. Magnuson Act Provisions; Essential Fish Habitat. 50 CFR 600
et seq .
Feeny, D., S. Hanna , and A.F. McEnvoy. 1996. Questioning the Assumptions of the
"Tragedy of the Commons" Model of Fisheries, Land Economics, Vol. 72, No.2,
pp . 187-205.
Fraser, S., V. Gotceitas, and ].A. Brown . 1996. Interactions between Age-Classes of
Atlantic Cod and Their Distribution between Bottom Substrates, Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 53, pp . 305-314.
Freese, L. , P.]. Auster,]. Heifetz, and B. Wing. 1999. Impacts of Trawling on Seafloor
Habitat in the Gulf of Alaska: Changes in Habitat Structure and Associated Invertebrate Taxa, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 182, pp. 119-126.
Gabriel, W.L. 1992. Persistence of Demersal Fish Assemblages between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia, Northwest Atlantic, Journal ofNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries
Science, Vol. 14, pp . 29-46 .
Gallagher, E.D., P.A. jumars, and D.O. Trueblood. 1983. Facilitation of Soft-Bottom
Benthic Succession by Tube Builders, Ecology, Vol. 64, pp . 1200-1216.
Galtsoff, P.S. 1962. The Story of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts. U.S. Dept . Interior Cire. No. 145, 121 pp .
Gerstner, CL. 1998. Use of Substratum Ripples for Flow Refuging by Atlantic Cod,
Gadus morhua, Environmental Biology ofFishes, Vol. 51, pp . 455-460.
Giske, ]. and A. Gro Vea Salvanes. 1999. A Model for Enhancement Potentials in
Open Ecosystems, in B.R. Howell, E. Moksness, and T. Svasand (eds.), Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching, Fishing News Books, Oxford , pp . 22-36 .
Gordon, H.S. 1954. The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The
Fishery, Journal ofPolitical Economy, Vol. 62, pp . 124-142.
Gotceitas, V. and ].A. Brown. 1993. Substrate Selection by Juvenile Atlantic Cod
(Gadus morbua). Effects of Predation Risk, Oecologia, Vol. 93, pp. 31-37.
Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and ].A. Brown . 1995. Habitat Use by Juvenile Atlantic Cod
(Gadus morhua) in the Presence of an Actively Foraging and Non-Foraging
Predator, Marine Biology, Vol. 123, pp . 421-430 .
Gotceitas, V., S. Fraser, and ].A. Brown . 1997. Use of Eelgrass Beds (Zostera marina) by Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morbud), Canadian Journal ofFisheries
and Aquatic Science, Vol. 54, pp . 1306-1319.
Gotelli, N.]. 1995. A Primer of Ecology, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.