2 Monitoring of Marine Aquaculture
57
Table 2.4
Monitoring programmes used in marine aquaculture (updated from Fernandes et al. 2000)
Country
Type of marine
aquaculture
Monitoring
Self monitoring
Environmental
Authority monitoring
Self monitoring
Food
Authority monitoring
Europe
Denmark
Finfish (land-based and
sea cages) (mainly
rainbow trout);
some shell fish
(extensive)
Water quality monitored 12 times
per year (finfish); sediment
monitored twice
per year (finfish)
Compliance with finfish
standards (periodic)
Bivalves checked
for algal toxins
post harvest
Compliance with standards
(periodic)
Finland
Finfish (mainly rainbow trout)
Water quality; farmers keep daily
records of operation for inclusion in report
Water quality (chemistry, plankton
and micro-algae);
sediment quality
(sediment, benthic
macroinvertebrates)
–
Compliance with EU
Directives
France
Shellfish (mainly
oyster and mussels); some finfish
(mainly sea bream)
Quality of effluent
(finfish)
Benthic survey and
nutrient analysis of
the water column
twice per year;
chemical residues
and microbiology
of water twice per
month; shellfish
water quality (algal
toxins and phytoplankton) monitored
twice per month
Bacteria, phytoplankton toxins in
finfish flesh
(before marketing)
Bacteria, phytoplankton toxins
in finfish flesh (without
warning); bacteria, phytoplankton toxins in shellfish
flesh (twice monthly)
(continued)