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Operating performance
of fish farms
• Productivity
• Costs
• Prices
• Profits
Responding institutions
• Ministries and agencies
• Research organisations
• Environmental bodies
• Consumers
• Feed manufacturers
• Equipment suppliers
State of the environment
• Critical marine habitat
• Biodiversity
• Wild fish stocks
• Water quality
• Salinization
Socio-economic impacts
• Competition for ocean space
• Incomes (e.g. fishing, tourism)
• Land and property values
• Amenity values and recreational benefits
• Supplies from wild fisheries
• Public attitudes towards aquaculture
External events
• ‘Accidents’ (e.g. oil spills)
• Chemical pollution
• Algal blooms
• Natural hazards (e.g. storms)
Controls on fish farms
Consumer demand
Technical innovation
Economy – environment interactions associated with aquaculture
Economic drivers
• Population growth
• Alternative fish supplies
• Technology and inputs
• Financial support
Fig. 8.1
Economy – environment interactions associated with aquaculture