172
E.J. Cook et al.
press). As a consequence of these invasions, Australia identified the need for a
coordinated approach across national and state agencies through the development
of a National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions
(National System) to address all potential marine pest vectors underpinned by a
risk assessment framework and to specifically establish arrangements for prevention, emergency preparedness and response, and ongoing management and control
(Hewitt et al. in press).
The National System is coordinated by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Forestry with all Australian States and the Northern Territory, marine industries (shipping, ports, fishing, aquaculture), conservation groups and researchers.
Australia’s biosecurity system is largely managed under the Quarantine Act
(1903). At present, biosecurity management of aquaculture is partitioned into:
quarantine activities associated with import standards, established by Biosecurity
Australia and implemented by the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service
(AQIS); and operational management at State and Territory levels. The importation of a new species for use as an aquaculture product must be assessed and
approved by Biosecurity Australia, with appropriate approvals by AQIS. Once
these approvals are in place, importation can proceed once approvals from the
State or Territory are provided. Under the current National System, it would
be unlikely that approvals for a new importation of a species for open water culture would proceed due to the obligations to prevent and minimise impacts of
non-native species in the marine environment. If approvals were given, the operator would be required to submit and have approved an Emergency Marine Pest
Plan that outlines options for action in the event of escape or other problems such
as a disease outbreak. Similarly, it is likely that ongoing monitoring would be
required with mandatory reporting to State and Territory authorities.
For the purposes of New Zealand’s regulatory requirements, non-native fish,
aquatic life or seaweeds approved for use in New Zealand must be in the exclusive
and continuous possession or control of the person undertaking the activity AND
must be able to be distinguished or kept separate from naturally occurring fish,
aquatic life or seaweeds.
Importation of plants and animals, including aquatic organisms for aquaculture, is rigorously controlled by the New Zealand Environmental Risk Management
Authority (ERMA). Biosecurity arrangements restricting the importation and
quarantine of new species (that is species not occurring in the wild prior to 1996)
involves a thorough investigation of the potential risk of introducing this species
into New Zealand including the disease risk it presents. The ERMA makes decisions on applications to introduce hazardous substances or new organisms,
including genetically modified organisms.
5.4.1.2 China
In China, before the issue of the Quarantine Act of Import and Export Organisms
(2004, People’s Congress) and the Aquaculture Seedling Management Procedures
E.J. Cook et al.
press). As a consequence of these invasions, Australia identified the need for a
coordinated approach across national and state agencies through the development
of a National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions
(National System) to address all potential marine pest vectors underpinned by a
risk assessment framework and to specifically establish arrangements for prevention, emergency preparedness and response, and ongoing management and control
(Hewitt et al. in press).
The National System is coordinated by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Forestry with all Australian States and the Northern Territory, marine industries (shipping, ports, fishing, aquaculture), conservation groups and researchers.
Australia’s biosecurity system is largely managed under the Quarantine Act
(1903). At present, biosecurity management of aquaculture is partitioned into:
quarantine activities associated with import standards, established by Biosecurity
Australia and implemented by the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service
(AQIS); and operational management at State and Territory levels. The importation of a new species for use as an aquaculture product must be assessed and
approved by Biosecurity Australia, with appropriate approvals by AQIS. Once
these approvals are in place, importation can proceed once approvals from the
State or Territory are provided. Under the current National System, it would
be unlikely that approvals for a new importation of a species for open water culture would proceed due to the obligations to prevent and minimise impacts of
non-native species in the marine environment. If approvals were given, the operator would be required to submit and have approved an Emergency Marine Pest
Plan that outlines options for action in the event of escape or other problems such
as a disease outbreak. Similarly, it is likely that ongoing monitoring would be
required with mandatory reporting to State and Territory authorities.
For the purposes of New Zealand’s regulatory requirements, non-native fish,
aquatic life or seaweeds approved for use in New Zealand must be in the exclusive
and continuous possession or control of the person undertaking the activity AND
must be able to be distinguished or kept separate from naturally occurring fish,
aquatic life or seaweeds.
Importation of plants and animals, including aquatic organisms for aquaculture, is rigorously controlled by the New Zealand Environmental Risk Management
Authority (ERMA). Biosecurity arrangements restricting the importation and
quarantine of new species (that is species not occurring in the wild prior to 1996)
involves a thorough investigation of the potential risk of introducing this species
into New Zealand including the disease risk it presents. The ERMA makes decisions on applications to introduce hazardous substances or new organisms,
including genetically modified organisms.
5.4.1.2 China
In China, before the issue of the Quarantine Act of Import and Export Organisms
(2004, People’s Congress) and the Aquaculture Seedling Management Procedures