5 Non-Native Species in Aquaculture
157
multiple continents; the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannemei, the Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus, the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and the Pacific cupped
oyster Crassostrea gigas (FAO 2006b).
5.1.1 Non-Native Aquaculture Production in China
China has by far the greatest aquaculture industry, producing over 41.3 million
tonnes in 2004 and approximately 10% of the total production in 2005 consisted
of non-native species (FAO 2006a; Fig. 5.2). The importance of non-native
species to the rapid increase in China’s aquaculture production in the latter half
of the 20th century can not be underestimated. In 1959, China introduced rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, an indigenous species of America, from North
Korea: the first of many aquatic species introductions. Over the next half a
century, more than one hundred aquatic species were introduced to China and
over 20% of them have been widely cultivated (Zhu 2000). These species include
83 finfish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Scophthalmus maximus,
Colossoma brachypomum and Micropterus salmoides; six crustacean species
such as Litopenaeus vannamei and Cherax quadricarinatus; fourteen mollusc
species such as Argopecten irradians and Ampullaria gigas; and nine species of
turtle and tortoise (Li 2005). Currently, over 10,000 t are produced annually for
each of thirteen introduced aquaculture species in China (Li 2005).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
S. America &
Caribbean
Europe
Australia & New
Zealand
China
Asia (excl. China)
Region / Country
%
Fig. 5.2 Percentage of aquaculture production by weight (excluding plants) in 2005 based on
non-native species in regions/countries with intensive aquaculture activity (FAO 2006a)
157
multiple continents; the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannemei, the Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus, the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and the Pacific cupped
oyster Crassostrea gigas (FAO 2006b).
5.1.1 Non-Native Aquaculture Production in China
China has by far the greatest aquaculture industry, producing over 41.3 million
tonnes in 2004 and approximately 10% of the total production in 2005 consisted
of non-native species (FAO 2006a; Fig. 5.2). The importance of non-native
species to the rapid increase in China’s aquaculture production in the latter half
of the 20th century can not be underestimated. In 1959, China introduced rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, an indigenous species of America, from North
Korea: the first of many aquatic species introductions. Over the next half a
century, more than one hundred aquatic species were introduced to China and
over 20% of them have been widely cultivated (Zhu 2000). These species include
83 finfish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Scophthalmus maximus,
Colossoma brachypomum and Micropterus salmoides; six crustacean species
such as Litopenaeus vannamei and Cherax quadricarinatus; fourteen mollusc
species such as Argopecten irradians and Ampullaria gigas; and nine species of
turtle and tortoise (Li 2005). Currently, over 10,000 t are produced annually for
each of thirteen introduced aquaculture species in China (Li 2005).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
S. America &
Caribbean
Europe
Australia & New
Zealand
China
Asia (excl. China)
Region / Country
%
Fig. 5.2 Percentage of aquaculture production by weight (excluding plants) in 2005 based on
non-native species in regions/countries with intensive aquaculture activity (FAO 2006a)