398
M.W. Russell et al.
Country/
state
Species
Management measures
Year
implemented
Results of measure
Comments
References
Cubera snapper
Take prohibited at
Tortugas South
Ecological Reserve
(Riley’s Hump)
2001
Status uncertain,
assumed to have
improved
Deeper water
aggregations in the
area are not
protected
Lindeman et al.
( 2000 )
Mutton snapper
Take prohibited at
Tortugas South
Ecological Reserve
(Riley’s Hump)
2001
Recently, increased
number of fi sh at
site observed by
divers
Evidence of potential
recovery
Lindeman et al.
( 2000 ) , and
Burton et al.
( 2005 )
Puerto
Rico
Red hind
Closure of 3 sites
(Dec–Feb) in state
waters on west coast
1995, 2004
Landings and CPUE
on west coast
increased from
1996–1999
Possible positive effect
but not conclusive.
Ineffective
enforcement
Matos-Caraballo
( 2002 ) and
CFMC ( 2009 )
Closure in Federal
waters (Dec–Feb)
Insuffi cient data to
assess Federal
closure
Red grouper, black
grouper, tiger
grouper, yellowfi n
grouper, yellowedge grouper
Seasonal closure
(Feb–April) in
Federal waters
2006
Largely unknown
Before management,
tiger grouper
aggregation at
Vieques Isl. showed
large decline in
landings and CPUE
Matos-Caraballo
et al. ( 2006 ) and
CFMC ( 2009 )
Mutton snapper
Temporal closure
(April–May) in state
waters; closed
(April–June) in
Federal waters
2004
Aggregations heavily
fi shed.
Effect of measure
largely unknown
CFMC ( 2009 )
Table 11.1
(continued)