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Chapter 5
Nutrition as a Key Factor for Cephalopod
Aquaculture
Juan Carlos Navarro, Óscar Monroig and António V. Sykes
J. Iglesias et al. (eds.), Cephalopod Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-8648-5_5,
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
J. C. Navarro () · Ó. Monroig
Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes,
Castellón, Spain
e-mail: jcnavarro@iats.csic.es
Ó. Monroig
Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling,
Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
e-mail: oscar.monroig@stir.ac.uk
A. V. Sykes
CCMAR-CIMAR L.A., Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve,
Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
e-mail: asykes@ualg.pt
Abstract Cephalopods are fast-growing animals, active swimmers and top predators, which require substantial amounts of food. As such, they show high metabolic
rates dependent on a carnivorous diet, thus hypothetically linked to a predominant
amino acid metabolism. Their body composition is mainly constituted by high levels of total protein, and their lipids, although quantitatively low, reveal the presence
of substantial amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. All in all, little is
known about their nutritional requirements, especially during the early stages, very
prone to high mortalities under culture. This chapter is a brief account of key information concerning relevant points linked to the nutritional requirements that cephalopods have for proteins, lipids, carotenoids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins.
Moreover, some considerations on populational metabolism are also presented.
Keywords Amino acids · Carbohydrates · Fatty acids · Lipids · Nutrition · Octopus
vulgaris · Populational metabolism · Proteins · Sepia officinalis
5.1 Introduction
Cephalopods potential for aquaculture production was acknowledged by several
researchers in the last decades of the twentieth century (e.g. Hanlon 1987; Boucaud-Camou 1989, 1990; Hanlon et al. 1991; Barnabé 1996). Nonetheless, several
Chapter 5
Nutrition as a Key Factor for Cephalopod
Aquaculture
Juan Carlos Navarro, Óscar Monroig and António V. Sykes
J. Iglesias et al. (eds.), Cephalopod Culture, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-8648-5_5,
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
J. C. Navarro () · Ó. Monroig
Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes,
Castellón, Spain
e-mail: jcnavarro@iats.csic.es
Ó. Monroig
Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling,
Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
e-mail: oscar.monroig@stir.ac.uk
A. V. Sykes
CCMAR-CIMAR L.A., Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve,
Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
e-mail: asykes@ualg.pt
Abstract Cephalopods are fast-growing animals, active swimmers and top predators, which require substantial amounts of food. As such, they show high metabolic
rates dependent on a carnivorous diet, thus hypothetically linked to a predominant
amino acid metabolism. Their body composition is mainly constituted by high levels of total protein, and their lipids, although quantitatively low, reveal the presence
of substantial amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. All in all, little is
known about their nutritional requirements, especially during the early stages, very
prone to high mortalities under culture. This chapter is a brief account of key information concerning relevant points linked to the nutritional requirements that cephalopods have for proteins, lipids, carotenoids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins.
Moreover, some considerations on populational metabolism are also presented.
Keywords Amino acids · Carbohydrates · Fatty acids · Lipids · Nutrition · Octopus
vulgaris · Populational metabolism · Proteins · Sepia officinalis
5.1 Introduction
Cephalopods potential for aquaculture production was acknowledged by several
researchers in the last decades of the twentieth century (e.g. Hanlon 1987; Boucaud-Camou 1989, 1990; Hanlon et al. 1991; Barnabé 1996). Nonetheless, several