380
L
Lake Malawi , 7, 283, 285–286, 290, 296, 340
Lake Victoria , 5, 6, 25, 155–173, 340
La Restinga , 220, 223, 226–238
Law , 11, 15, 18, 49, 51, 57, 58, 89, 113,
134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147,
156, 163, 171, 173, 190, 221,
225, 246–248, 251
positive law , 51
Learning organizations , 142, 272
systems , 142, 272
Legal pluralism , 6, 49, 63, 136, 139–140, 142,
143, 145, 180, 190, 195, 340, 342
Licensing system/licenses , 137, 203, 205, 207,
208, 246–248, 253–259
Livelihoods , 6, 34, 47, 67, 111, 159, 270, 281,
324, 338, 354, 375
Local ecological knowledge , 267
M
Malawi , 5, 7, 25, 283, 285–286, 290, 294,
296, 340, 376
Management, adaptive, co , 312
coastal zone , 312
Mangroves , 116, 122, 134, 183
Marine Protected Area/MPA/Marine Reserve ,
5, 7, 13, 35, 98, 112, 114, 219–238,
242, 292, 338, 354, 375
Marine Reserve of Punta de La Restinga-Mar
de Las Calmas , 232
Mariscadoras. See Shell fi shing
Market , 5, 10, 15–17, 20, 25, 35, 36, 41, 47,
53, 76, 77, 92, 100–102, 104, 118,
119, 124, 133, 135–139, 144, 145,
156, 160, 163, 167, 168, 186,
202–206, 208, 210–215, 229,
242–245, 248, 257, 258, 271, 273,
305, 309, 343, 356, 359, 361–363
Match , 6, 23, 25, 102, 142, 150, 178–180,
182, 190–192, 194–196, 342,
346, 368, 369
Meta-governance , 68, 139, 266
Meta-order , 34, 49, 52, 55, 60, 168, 273–274,
343, 344
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , 271
N
Nestedness , 139–141, 143–145, 147, 357, 366
Network , 4, 10, 71, 114, 215, 219, 265, 301,
318, 341, 352, 374
metrics , 303, 312
NGO. See Non-governmental organisation
(NGO)
Nodes , 303–306, 309
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) ,
17, 160, 173, 178, 222, 289, 295,
305, 306, 308, 310, 311, 362
Norway , 5, 7, 52, 53, 58, 59, 63, 69, 201–215,
373, 374
O
Oceanographic surveys , 267
On-foot shell fi sh gathering/shell fi shing ,
241–259
Oral history , 268
Oslo Resolution , 207
Overcapitalization , 186, 193
P
Paired comparison , 7, 274, 284–285,
287–289, 292
Panacea , 35, 132, 177, 194
Participatory GIS
methods , 268
research , 268
strategic planning , 268
Patron-client relations , 144, 147
Performance bond/deposit-refund system ,
212, 213, 215
Permex , 248, 252, 253, 256
Perspectives , 6, 10, 15–18, 35, 68, 73–75, 80,
101, 113, 133, 141, 144, 150, 157,
222, 266, 312, 316, 320, 326, 327,
338, 353, 358, 359, 375
Poaching/poacher , 229, 248, 250–253, 255,
256, 258, 259, 280, 282
Pollution , 116, 211–213, 258, 259, 284
Population growth , 98, 117
Poverty
alleviation , 156–158, 160–162, 165–168,
170, 171, 173, 269, 294, 339, 375
culture of , 157
multidimensional , 70, 71, 157, 158
multifaceted , 35, 156, 157
Power , 7, 11, 17, 20, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47, 55,
63, 70, 72, 73, 77, 81, 88, 89, 91,
102, 117, 124, 134, 143, 146, 166,
169–172, 197, 232, 242, 248, 249,
254, 256–258, 269, 271, 304, 305,
309, 312, 313, 337, 341, 344–347,
356, 357, 362, 365–367
Precaution. See Principles
Index
L
Lake Malawi , 7, 283, 285–286, 290, 296, 340
Lake Victoria , 5, 6, 25, 155–173, 340
La Restinga , 220, 223, 226–238
Law , 11, 15, 18, 49, 51, 57, 58, 89, 113,
134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147,
156, 163, 171, 173, 190, 221,
225, 246–248, 251
positive law , 51
Learning organizations , 142, 272
systems , 142, 272
Legal pluralism , 6, 49, 63, 136, 139–140, 142,
143, 145, 180, 190, 195, 340, 342
Licensing system/licenses , 137, 203, 205, 207,
208, 246–248, 253–259
Livelihoods , 6, 34, 47, 67, 111, 159, 270, 281,
324, 338, 354, 375
Local ecological knowledge , 267
M
Malawi , 5, 7, 25, 283, 285–286, 290, 294,
296, 340, 376
Management, adaptive, co , 312
coastal zone , 312
Mangroves , 116, 122, 134, 183
Marine Protected Area/MPA/Marine Reserve ,
5, 7, 13, 35, 98, 112, 114, 219–238,
242, 292, 338, 354, 375
Marine Reserve of Punta de La Restinga-Mar
de Las Calmas , 232
Mariscadoras. See Shell fi shing
Market , 5, 10, 15–17, 20, 25, 35, 36, 41, 47,
53, 76, 77, 92, 100–102, 104, 118,
119, 124, 133, 135–139, 144, 145,
156, 160, 163, 167, 168, 186,
202–206, 208, 210–215, 229,
242–245, 248, 257, 258, 271, 273,
305, 309, 343, 356, 359, 361–363
Match , 6, 23, 25, 102, 142, 150, 178–180,
182, 190–192, 194–196, 342,
346, 368, 369
Meta-governance , 68, 139, 266
Meta-order , 34, 49, 52, 55, 60, 168, 273–274,
343, 344
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , 271
N
Nestedness , 139–141, 143–145, 147, 357, 366
Network , 4, 10, 71, 114, 215, 219, 265, 301,
318, 341, 352, 374
metrics , 303, 312
NGO. See Non-governmental organisation
(NGO)
Nodes , 303–306, 309
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) ,
17, 160, 173, 178, 222, 289, 295,
305, 306, 308, 310, 311, 362
Norway , 5, 7, 52, 53, 58, 59, 63, 69, 201–215,
373, 374
O
Oceanographic surveys , 267
On-foot shell fi sh gathering/shell fi shing ,
241–259
Oral history , 268
Oslo Resolution , 207
Overcapitalization , 186, 193
P
Paired comparison , 7, 274, 284–285,
287–289, 292
Panacea , 35, 132, 177, 194
Participatory GIS
methods , 268
research , 268
strategic planning , 268
Patron-client relations , 144, 147
Performance bond/deposit-refund system ,
212, 213, 215
Permex , 248, 252, 253, 256
Perspectives , 6, 10, 15–18, 35, 68, 73–75, 80,
101, 113, 133, 141, 144, 150, 157,
222, 266, 312, 316, 320, 326, 327,
338, 353, 358, 359, 375
Poaching/poacher , 229, 248, 250–253, 255,
256, 258, 259, 280, 282
Pollution , 116, 211–213, 258, 259, 284
Population growth , 98, 117
Poverty
alleviation , 156–158, 160–162, 165–168,
170, 171, 173, 269, 294, 339, 375
culture of , 157
multidimensional , 70, 71, 157, 158
multifaceted , 35, 156, 157
Power , 7, 11, 17, 20, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47, 55,
63, 70, 72, 73, 77, 81, 88, 89, 91,
102, 117, 124, 134, 143, 146, 166,
169–172, 197, 232, 242, 248, 249,
254, 256–258, 269, 271, 304, 305,
309, 312, 313, 337, 341, 344–347,
356, 357, 362, 365–367
Precaution. See Principles
Index