Contents
5.3. Hydraulic film diffusion
153
5.4. Two-component diffusion
157
5.5. Filter kinetics
159
5.6. Mass balances for biofilters
164
5.6.1 Biofilters without recycle
164
5.6.2 Biofilters with recycle
165
5.7. Concepts and definitions
165
5.8. Types of plants
167
5.8.1 Trickling filters
167
5.8.2 Submerged filters
169
5.8.3 Rotating discs
172
5.9. Design of biofilters
173
5.9.1 Design of trickling filters
173
5.9.2 Design of discs
175
5.9.3 Rules for other types of filter
175
5.9.4 Design of biofilters for dissolved organic matter
176
5.10. Technical conditions concerning biofilters
179
5.10.1 Aeration in biofilters
179
5.10.2 Growth and sloughing off of the biofilm
180
5.11. Removal of particulate organic matter
182
5.12. Detailed model
187
6. Treament Plants for Nitrification
195
6.1. Mass balances, nitrifying plants
196
6.1.1 Separate nitrifying plants
196
6.1.2 Combined removal of organic matter and ammonium
204
6.2. Types of plants for nitrification
209
6.2.1 Nitrification plants with separate sludge
210
6.2.2 Single sludge nitrification plants
211
6.2.3 Nitrification in two sludge treatment systems
214
6.2.4 Nitrification plants with separate sludge in filters
215
6.2.5 Two sludge nitrification plants in filters
215
6.2.6 Combined biofilters and activated sludge treatment
plants for nitrification
218
6.3. Design of nitrifying plants
218
6.3.1 Design of activated sludge treatment plants for nitrification
218
6.3.2 Optimizing operation of nitrifying plants
222
6.3.3 Design of biofilters for nitrification
223
7. Treatment Plants for Denitrification
229
7.1. Mass balances, denitrifying treatment plants
230
7.1.1 Separate denitrifying plant
232
7.1.2 Combined nitrification and denitrification
237
7.2. Types of plants for denitrification
241
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