N
Natural source exclusion, 281
Near infrared (NIR), 8, 35, 48, 64, 74, 76
Nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs), 190
Nile River, 46
Nitrate, sensors, 187, 191
Normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI), 35, 48, 90
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
(NASBA), 193
O
Observed-to-expected (O/E) index, 246
Oil spill, 75
Open source, 141
Operational Land Imager (OLI), 129
Optical remote sensing (ORS), 113
Optical sensors, 171, 188
Oxygen, sensors, 186, 189
P
Pathogens, biosensors, 193, 269, 278
Phosphates, 185, 201
Phosphorus, 92, 105, 117, 131, 186, 240
Phragmites australis, 72
pH sensors, 186
Phycocyanin (PC), 63, 71, 117, 122, 191
Physical sensors, 171, 184
Phytoplankton, 88, 116
Pig-specific markers, 276
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 268, 273
Po River, 75
Potomac River Basin, 141
Predictive modeling, 233
Q
Quality assurance/quality control
(QA/QC), 200
Quantitative microbial risk assessment
(QMRA), 281
QuickBird, 36, 50, 53, 129
R
Radar, 40, 178
Radiative transfer theory, 114
Real-time flow monitoring, 182
Recharge, 205
Recreational water quality, 267
Reference conditions, 237
Reference sites, 240
biotic classification, 242
screening, 239
typological classifications, 241
Remote sensing, 1, 33, 85, 111
active, 7
groundwater, 34, 41
history, 10
hyperspectral, 24
microwave, 39
optical, 7, 113
passive, 7
reflectance, 114
springs, 33
water, 33
Return flow, 141
RGB, imaging, 11
River(s), 46, 61, 242
River Invertebrate Prediction and
Classification System
(RIVPACS), 242
S
Satellite imagery, 13, 111
Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor
(SeaWiFS), 129
Secchi depth, 38, 111, 116, 119, 125
Semiarid regions, 35
Sentinel, 111, 130
Sewage-specific chemicals, 279
Shaft encoders, 177
Soil moisture, sensing, 33, 38
Source Identification Protocol Project
(SIPP), 268
Specific inherent optical properties (SIOPs), 64
SPOT (Satellite Pour l’-Observation de la
Terre), 14, 24, 36, 48, 53
Springs, 44
Standardized precipitation index (SPI), 52
Standardized soil moisture index (SSI), 52
St. Louis River Estuary (SLRE), 122
Streamflow (discharge), 173
Submarine freshwater springs, 45
Submersible pressure transducers, 175
Subsurface monitoring, 205
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 37, 50
T
Telemetry, 171
Terrestrial water storage (TWS), 43
Thematic Mapper (TM), 36, 129
Index
291
Natural source exclusion, 281
Near infrared (NIR), 8, 35, 48, 64, 74, 76
Nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs), 190
Nile River, 46
Nitrate, sensors, 187, 191
Normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI), 35, 48, 90
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
(NASBA), 193
O
Observed-to-expected (O/E) index, 246
Oil spill, 75
Open source, 141
Operational Land Imager (OLI), 129
Optical remote sensing (ORS), 113
Optical sensors, 171, 188
Oxygen, sensors, 186, 189
P
Pathogens, biosensors, 193, 269, 278
Phosphates, 185, 201
Phosphorus, 92, 105, 117, 131, 186, 240
Phragmites australis, 72
pH sensors, 186
Phycocyanin (PC), 63, 71, 117, 122, 191
Physical sensors, 171, 184
Phytoplankton, 88, 116
Pig-specific markers, 276
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 268, 273
Po River, 75
Potomac River Basin, 141
Predictive modeling, 233
Q
Quality assurance/quality control
(QA/QC), 200
Quantitative microbial risk assessment
(QMRA), 281
QuickBird, 36, 50, 53, 129
R
Radar, 40, 178
Radiative transfer theory, 114
Real-time flow monitoring, 182
Recharge, 205
Recreational water quality, 267
Reference conditions, 237
Reference sites, 240
biotic classification, 242
screening, 239
typological classifications, 241
Remote sensing, 1, 33, 85, 111
active, 7
groundwater, 34, 41
history, 10
hyperspectral, 24
microwave, 39
optical, 7, 113
passive, 7
reflectance, 114
springs, 33
water, 33
Return flow, 141
RGB, imaging, 11
River(s), 46, 61, 242
River Invertebrate Prediction and
Classification System
(RIVPACS), 242
S
Satellite imagery, 13, 111
Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor
(SeaWiFS), 129
Secchi depth, 38, 111, 116, 119, 125
Semiarid regions, 35
Sentinel, 111, 130
Sewage-specific chemicals, 279
Shaft encoders, 177
Soil moisture, sensing, 33, 38
Source Identification Protocol Project
(SIPP), 268
Specific inherent optical properties (SIOPs), 64
SPOT (Satellite Pour l’-Observation de la
Terre), 14, 24, 36, 48, 53
Springs, 44
Standardized precipitation index (SPI), 52
Standardized soil moisture index (SSI), 52
St. Louis River Estuary (SLRE), 122
Streamflow (discharge), 173
Submarine freshwater springs, 45
Submersible pressure transducers, 175
Subsurface monitoring, 205
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 37, 50
T
Telemetry, 171
Terrestrial water storage (TWS), 43
Thematic Mapper (TM), 36, 129
Index
291