89. Dubinsky EA, Esmaili L, Hulls JR, Cao Y, Griffith JF, Andersen GL (2012) Application of
phylogenetic microarray analysis to discriminate sources of fecal pollution. Environ Sci
Technol 46(8):4340–4347
90. Sogin ML, Morrison HG, Huber JA, Welch DM, Huse SM, Neal PR, Arrieta JM, Herndi GJ
(2006) Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”. Proc Natl
Acad Sci 103(32):12115–12120
91. Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Huntley J, Fierer N, Owens SM,
Betley J, Fraser L, Bauer M, Gormley N, Gilbert JA, Smith G, Knight R (2012) Ultra-highthroughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. ISME
J 6:1621–1624
92. Cao Y, Van der Werfhorst LC, Dubinsky EA, Badgley BD, Sadowsky MJ, Andersen GL,
Griffith JF, Holden PA (2013) Evaluation of molecular community analysis methods for
discerning fecal sources and human waste. Water Res 47(18):6862–6872
93. Knights D, Kuczynski J, Charlson ES, Zaneveld J, Mozer C, Collman RG, Bushman FD,
Knight R, Kelley ST (2011) Bayesian community-wide culture-independent microbial source
tracking. Nat Methods 8:761–763
94. Unno T, Di DYW, Jang J, Suh YS, Sadowsky MJ, Hur HG (2012) Integrated online system
for a pyrosequencing-based microbial source tracking method that targets bacteroidetes 16S
rDNA. Environ Sci Technol 46(1):93–98
95. Keity CA, Varma M, Sivaganesan M, Haugland RA, Shanks OC (2012) Distribution of
genetic marker concentrations for fecal indicator bacteria in sewage and animal feces. Appl
Environ Microbiol 78(12):4225–4232
96. Girones R, Ferru ´s MA, Alonso JL, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Calgua B, Corre ˆa Ade A,
Hundesa A, Carratala A, Bofill-Mas S (2010) Molecular detection of pathogens in water—
the pros and cons of molecular techniques. Water Res 44(15):4325–4339
97. Green HC, Shanks OC, Sivaganesan M, Haugland RA, Field KG (2011) Differential decay of
human faecal Bacteroides in marine and freshwater. Environ Microbiol 13(12):3235–3249
98. Hagedorn C, Weisberg SB (2011) Chemical source tracking methods. In: Hagedorn C,
Blanch A, Harwood AJ (eds) Microbial source tracking: methods, applications, and case
studies. Springer, New York, pp 189–206
99. Van De Werfhorst LC, Murray JLS, Reynolds S, Reynolds K, Holden PA (2014) Canine
scent detection and microbial source tracking of human waste contamination in storm drains.
Water Environ Res 86(6):550–559
100. Dorsey JH (2010) Improving water quality through California’s Clean Beach Initiative: an
assessment of 17 projects. Environ Monit Assess 166:95–111
101. Stewart JR, Gast RJ, Fujioka RS, Solo-Gabriele HM, Meschke JS, Amaral-Zettler LA, del
Castillo E, Polz MF, Collier TK, Strom MS, Sinigalliano CD, Moeller PD, Holland AF (2008)
The coastal environment and human health: microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and
reservoirs. Environ Health 7(Suppl 2):S3
102. Schoen ME, Soller JA, Ashbolt NJ (2011) Evaluating the importance of fecal sources in
human-impacted waters. Water Res 45(8):2670–2680
103. Ashbolt NJ, Schoen ME, Soller JA, Roser DJ (2010) Predicting pathogen risks to aid beach
management: the real value of quantitative microbial risk assessment. Water Res 44
(6):4692–4703
104. Schoen ME, Ashbolt NJ (2010) Assessing pathogen risk to swimmers at non-sewage
impacted recreational beaches. Environ Sci Technol 44(7):2286–2291
105. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Quantitative microbial risk assessment to
estimate illness in freshwater impacted by agricultural animal sources of fecal contamination.
EPA 822-R-10-005. Office of Water, Washington DC
106. Soller JA, Schoen ME, Bartrand T, Ravenscroft JE, Ashbolt NJ (2010) Estimated human
health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources
of faecal contamination. Water Res 44:4674–4691
288
B. Badgley and C. Hagedorn
phylogenetic microarray analysis to discriminate sources of fecal pollution. Environ Sci
Technol 46(8):4340–4347
90. Sogin ML, Morrison HG, Huber JA, Welch DM, Huse SM, Neal PR, Arrieta JM, Herndi GJ
(2006) Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”. Proc Natl
Acad Sci 103(32):12115–12120
91. Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Huntley J, Fierer N, Owens SM,
Betley J, Fraser L, Bauer M, Gormley N, Gilbert JA, Smith G, Knight R (2012) Ultra-highthroughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. ISME
J 6:1621–1624
92. Cao Y, Van der Werfhorst LC, Dubinsky EA, Badgley BD, Sadowsky MJ, Andersen GL,
Griffith JF, Holden PA (2013) Evaluation of molecular community analysis methods for
discerning fecal sources and human waste. Water Res 47(18):6862–6872
93. Knights D, Kuczynski J, Charlson ES, Zaneveld J, Mozer C, Collman RG, Bushman FD,
Knight R, Kelley ST (2011) Bayesian community-wide culture-independent microbial source
tracking. Nat Methods 8:761–763
94. Unno T, Di DYW, Jang J, Suh YS, Sadowsky MJ, Hur HG (2012) Integrated online system
for a pyrosequencing-based microbial source tracking method that targets bacteroidetes 16S
rDNA. Environ Sci Technol 46(1):93–98
95. Keity CA, Varma M, Sivaganesan M, Haugland RA, Shanks OC (2012) Distribution of
genetic marker concentrations for fecal indicator bacteria in sewage and animal feces. Appl
Environ Microbiol 78(12):4225–4232
96. Girones R, Ferru ´s MA, Alonso JL, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Calgua B, Corre ˆa Ade A,
Hundesa A, Carratala A, Bofill-Mas S (2010) Molecular detection of pathogens in water—
the pros and cons of molecular techniques. Water Res 44(15):4325–4339
97. Green HC, Shanks OC, Sivaganesan M, Haugland RA, Field KG (2011) Differential decay of
human faecal Bacteroides in marine and freshwater. Environ Microbiol 13(12):3235–3249
98. Hagedorn C, Weisberg SB (2011) Chemical source tracking methods. In: Hagedorn C,
Blanch A, Harwood AJ (eds) Microbial source tracking: methods, applications, and case
studies. Springer, New York, pp 189–206
99. Van De Werfhorst LC, Murray JLS, Reynolds S, Reynolds K, Holden PA (2014) Canine
scent detection and microbial source tracking of human waste contamination in storm drains.
Water Environ Res 86(6):550–559
100. Dorsey JH (2010) Improving water quality through California’s Clean Beach Initiative: an
assessment of 17 projects. Environ Monit Assess 166:95–111
101. Stewart JR, Gast RJ, Fujioka RS, Solo-Gabriele HM, Meschke JS, Amaral-Zettler LA, del
Castillo E, Polz MF, Collier TK, Strom MS, Sinigalliano CD, Moeller PD, Holland AF (2008)
The coastal environment and human health: microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and
reservoirs. Environ Health 7(Suppl 2):S3
102. Schoen ME, Soller JA, Ashbolt NJ (2011) Evaluating the importance of fecal sources in
human-impacted waters. Water Res 45(8):2670–2680
103. Ashbolt NJ, Schoen ME, Soller JA, Roser DJ (2010) Predicting pathogen risks to aid beach
management: the real value of quantitative microbial risk assessment. Water Res 44
(6):4692–4703
104. Schoen ME, Ashbolt NJ (2010) Assessing pathogen risk to swimmers at non-sewage
impacted recreational beaches. Environ Sci Technol 44(7):2286–2291
105. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Quantitative microbial risk assessment to
estimate illness in freshwater impacted by agricultural animal sources of fecal contamination.
EPA 822-R-10-005. Office of Water, Washington DC
106. Soller JA, Schoen ME, Bartrand T, Ravenscroft JE, Ashbolt NJ (2010) Estimated human
health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources
of faecal contamination. Water Res 44:4674–4691
288
B. Badgley and C. Hagedorn