Acknowledgments We extend our thanks to the Ferrell family of Pulaski County for graciously
allowing us unfettered access to the cave. Funding for the James Cave project was provided by the
Virginia Water Resources Research Center, the US Geological Survey/National Institutes for
Water Resources, the Cave Conservancy of the Virginias, the Geological Society of America,
and the Virginia Tech Department of Geosciences. We thank Bev Shade and David Culver for
discussions about study design and data collection, Don Rimstidt for geochemical insight, and
Tom Malabad for conducting the cave survey. Helpful reviews were provided by MaryLynn
Musgrove (USGS) and the editors of this volume. We are also extremely grateful to Stuart
Hyde, Heather Scott, Sally Morgan, Nathan Farrar, Ariel Brown, Anna Hardy, Matthew Blower,
and members of the VPI Cave Club for valuable assistance in the cave.
References
1. KWI (2003) What is karst and why is it important? http://www.karstwaters.org/kwitour/
whatiskarst.htm. Accessed 16 Oct 2014
2. Ford DC, Williams PW (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester,
p 562
3. Bakalowicz MJ (2004) The epikarst, the skin of karst. In: Epikarst: Special Publication 9. Karst
Waters Institute, Charles Town
4. Pipan T, Christman MC, Culver DC (2006) Dynamics of epikarst communities: microgeographic pattern and environmental determinants of epikarst copepods in Organ Cave,
West Virginia. Am Midl Nat 156(1):75–87
5. Smart PL, Friederich H (1987) Water movement and storage in the unsaturated zone of a
maturely karstified carbonate aquifer, Mendip Hills, England. In: Proceedings of the conference on environmental problems in Karst Terranes and their solutions October 1986, pp 59–87
6. Tooth AF, Fairchild IJ (2003) Soil and karst aquifer hydrological controls on the geochemical
evolution of speleothem-forming drip waters, Crag Cave, southwest Ireland. J Hydrol
273(1–4):51–68
7. Fairchild IJ, Tuckwell GW, Baker A, Tooth AF (2006) Modelling of dripwater hydrology and
hydrogeochemistry in a weakly karstified aquifer (Bath, UK): implications for climate change
studies. J Hydrol 321(1–4):213–231
8. Musgrove M, Banner JL (2004) Controls on the spatial and temporal variability of vadose
dripwater geochemistry: Edwards Aquifer, central Texas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68(5):
1007–1020
9. Baker A, Barnes WL, Smart PL (1997) Variations in the discharge and organic matter content
of stalagmite drip waters in Lower Cave, Bristol. Hydrol Process 11(11):1541–1555
10. Baldini JUL, McDermott F, Fairchild IJ (2006) Spatial variability in cave drip water hydrochemistry: implications for stalagmite paleoclimate records. Chem Geol 235(3–4): 390–404
11. Genty D, Baker A, Vokal B (2001) Intra- and inter-annual growth rate of modern stalagmites.
Chem Geol 176(1):191–212
12. Genty D, Deflandre G (1998) Drip flow variations under a stalactite of the Pere Noel cave
(Belgium). Evidence of seasonal variations and air pressure constraints. J Hydrol 211(1–4):
208–232
13. Pape JR, Banner JL, Mack LE, Musgrove ML, Guilfoyle A (2009) Controls on oxygen isotope
variability in precipitation and cave drip waters, central Texas, USA. J Hydrol 385(1–4):
203–215
14. Spo ¨tl C, Fairchild IJ, Tooth A (2005) Cave air control on dripwater geochemistry, Obir Caves
(Austria): implications for speleothem deposition in dynamically ventilated caves.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69(10):2451–2468
230
M.E. Schreiber et al.
allowing us unfettered access to the cave. Funding for the James Cave project was provided by the
Virginia Water Resources Research Center, the US Geological Survey/National Institutes for
Water Resources, the Cave Conservancy of the Virginias, the Geological Society of America,
and the Virginia Tech Department of Geosciences. We thank Bev Shade and David Culver for
discussions about study design and data collection, Don Rimstidt for geochemical insight, and
Tom Malabad for conducting the cave survey. Helpful reviews were provided by MaryLynn
Musgrove (USGS) and the editors of this volume. We are also extremely grateful to Stuart
Hyde, Heather Scott, Sally Morgan, Nathan Farrar, Ariel Brown, Anna Hardy, Matthew Blower,
and members of the VPI Cave Club for valuable assistance in the cave.
References
1. KWI (2003) What is karst and why is it important? http://www.karstwaters.org/kwitour/
whatiskarst.htm. Accessed 16 Oct 2014
2. Ford DC, Williams PW (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester,
p 562
3. Bakalowicz MJ (2004) The epikarst, the skin of karst. In: Epikarst: Special Publication 9. Karst
Waters Institute, Charles Town
4. Pipan T, Christman MC, Culver DC (2006) Dynamics of epikarst communities: microgeographic pattern and environmental determinants of epikarst copepods in Organ Cave,
West Virginia. Am Midl Nat 156(1):75–87
5. Smart PL, Friederich H (1987) Water movement and storage in the unsaturated zone of a
maturely karstified carbonate aquifer, Mendip Hills, England. In: Proceedings of the conference on environmental problems in Karst Terranes and their solutions October 1986, pp 59–87
6. Tooth AF, Fairchild IJ (2003) Soil and karst aquifer hydrological controls on the geochemical
evolution of speleothem-forming drip waters, Crag Cave, southwest Ireland. J Hydrol
273(1–4):51–68
7. Fairchild IJ, Tuckwell GW, Baker A, Tooth AF (2006) Modelling of dripwater hydrology and
hydrogeochemistry in a weakly karstified aquifer (Bath, UK): implications for climate change
studies. J Hydrol 321(1–4):213–231
8. Musgrove M, Banner JL (2004) Controls on the spatial and temporal variability of vadose
dripwater geochemistry: Edwards Aquifer, central Texas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68(5):
1007–1020
9. Baker A, Barnes WL, Smart PL (1997) Variations in the discharge and organic matter content
of stalagmite drip waters in Lower Cave, Bristol. Hydrol Process 11(11):1541–1555
10. Baldini JUL, McDermott F, Fairchild IJ (2006) Spatial variability in cave drip water hydrochemistry: implications for stalagmite paleoclimate records. Chem Geol 235(3–4): 390–404
11. Genty D, Baker A, Vokal B (2001) Intra- and inter-annual growth rate of modern stalagmites.
Chem Geol 176(1):191–212
12. Genty D, Deflandre G (1998) Drip flow variations under a stalactite of the Pere Noel cave
(Belgium). Evidence of seasonal variations and air pressure constraints. J Hydrol 211(1–4):
208–232
13. Pape JR, Banner JL, Mack LE, Musgrove ML, Guilfoyle A (2009) Controls on oxygen isotope
variability in precipitation and cave drip waters, central Texas, USA. J Hydrol 385(1–4):
203–215
14. Spo ¨tl C, Fairchild IJ, Tooth A (2005) Cave air control on dripwater geochemistry, Obir Caves
(Austria): implications for speleothem deposition in dynamically ventilated caves.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69(10):2451–2468
230
M.E. Schreiber et al.