663
(b) Catchment area treatment
(i) Status of conservation activities in
erosion- prone areas
(ii) Activities in terms of vegetation control,
gully plugging, stream bank erosion,
water harvesting structures, raising of
nurseries, propagation of plant material
and tree planting
(c) Protection and monitoring
(i) Patrolling and surveillance
(ii) Setting up of watch towers and
patrolling.
(iii) Socio-economic development through
community participation
(iv) Formation of advisory committees for
midterm reviews
(d) Restoration measures
(i) Rehabilitation of Rare, Endangered and
Threatened (RET) species
(ii) Methods employed to maintain biological diversity, both fl oral and faunal
(e) Desilting and dredging
(i) Manual and mechanical desilting and
dredging
(ii) Compartmentalisation of watersheds in
the catchment to check desiltation
(f) Water management
(i) Infl ow–outfl ow patterns and hydrographic survey
(ii) Studies on infi ltration, interception
and soil moisture
(iii) Infl ow–outfl ow assessment of major
and minor streams including water
balance and fl ushing rates
(iv) Quantifi cation of siltation rates in the
wetlands
(v) Identifi cation of point and non-point
sources of pollution
(vi) Flood mitigation through hydraulic
structures
(vii) Developing water quality models
(viii) Treatment of effl uents and sewage
before their entry into the wetland
(ix) Changes due to intermixing of water,
particularly in areas which remain dry
for most part of the year
(x) Recharging practices
(xi) Water harvesting structures and their use
(g) Biodiversity conservation
(i) Conservation of sensitive species through
in situ and ex situ methods
(ii) Identifi cation of RET species and
endemic and vulnerable (E and V)
species
(h) Sustainable resource development
(i) Economic valuation of wetlands to
determine and allocate resources on
equitable basis
(ii) Assessment of current resource utilisation and its impacts
(iii) Enhancement of sustainable wetland
resources for communities
(iv) Studies on carrying capacity of wetlands
(i) Weed infestation and its control
(i) Use of weeds as mineral recycling agents
(ii) Use of traditional knowledge for better
use of weeds to generate revenue, e.g.
conversion of weeds into compost
(j) Pollution control
(i) Identifi cation of point and non-point
sources of pollution
(ii) Solid waste management
(iii) Minimisation of the impact of agricultural run-off, insecticides, fungicides,
etc., in the wetlands
(k) Supplementary / alternative livelihoods
(i) Involvement of local stakeholders in
decision making on alternative and
supplementary livelihoods
(ii) Amalgamation of traditional wisdom
with latest conservation techniques
(iii) Encouraging various activities like piggery, animal husbandry, duckery, small
cottage industry, mushroom cultivation, tailoring and carpet weaving to
reduce pressure on wetlands for livelihood options
(l) Environmental education and awareness
(i) Conducting various environmental
aware ness campaigns
(ii) Organising various programmes, e.g.
workshops, folk dances and street
theatre, for creating environmental
awareness
(iii) Use of both formal and non-formal educational tools for awareness generation
31.14 Ongoing Programmes on Wetland Conservation: Action Plan of Government of India
(b) Catchment area treatment
(i) Status of conservation activities in
erosion- prone areas
(ii) Activities in terms of vegetation control,
gully plugging, stream bank erosion,
water harvesting structures, raising of
nurseries, propagation of plant material
and tree planting
(c) Protection and monitoring
(i) Patrolling and surveillance
(ii) Setting up of watch towers and
patrolling.
(iii) Socio-economic development through
community participation
(iv) Formation of advisory committees for
midterm reviews
(d) Restoration measures
(i) Rehabilitation of Rare, Endangered and
Threatened (RET) species
(ii) Methods employed to maintain biological diversity, both fl oral and faunal
(e) Desilting and dredging
(i) Manual and mechanical desilting and
dredging
(ii) Compartmentalisation of watersheds in
the catchment to check desiltation
(f) Water management
(i) Infl ow–outfl ow patterns and hydrographic survey
(ii) Studies on infi ltration, interception
and soil moisture
(iii) Infl ow–outfl ow assessment of major
and minor streams including water
balance and fl ushing rates
(iv) Quantifi cation of siltation rates in the
wetlands
(v) Identifi cation of point and non-point
sources of pollution
(vi) Flood mitigation through hydraulic
structures
(vii) Developing water quality models
(viii) Treatment of effl uents and sewage
before their entry into the wetland
(ix) Changes due to intermixing of water,
particularly in areas which remain dry
for most part of the year
(x) Recharging practices
(xi) Water harvesting structures and their use
(g) Biodiversity conservation
(i) Conservation of sensitive species through
in situ and ex situ methods
(ii) Identifi cation of RET species and
endemic and vulnerable (E and V)
species
(h) Sustainable resource development
(i) Economic valuation of wetlands to
determine and allocate resources on
equitable basis
(ii) Assessment of current resource utilisation and its impacts
(iii) Enhancement of sustainable wetland
resources for communities
(iv) Studies on carrying capacity of wetlands
(i) Weed infestation and its control
(i) Use of weeds as mineral recycling agents
(ii) Use of traditional knowledge for better
use of weeds to generate revenue, e.g.
conversion of weeds into compost
(j) Pollution control
(i) Identifi cation of point and non-point
sources of pollution
(ii) Solid waste management
(iii) Minimisation of the impact of agricultural run-off, insecticides, fungicides,
etc., in the wetlands
(k) Supplementary / alternative livelihoods
(i) Involvement of local stakeholders in
decision making on alternative and
supplementary livelihoods
(ii) Amalgamation of traditional wisdom
with latest conservation techniques
(iii) Encouraging various activities like piggery, animal husbandry, duckery, small
cottage industry, mushroom cultivation, tailoring and carpet weaving to
reduce pressure on wetlands for livelihood options
(l) Environmental education and awareness
(i) Conducting various environmental
aware ness campaigns
(ii) Organising various programmes, e.g.
workshops, folk dances and street
theatre, for creating environmental
awareness
(iii) Use of both formal and non-formal educational tools for awareness generation
31.14 Ongoing Programmes on Wetland Conservation: Action Plan of Government of India