31
perturbation in an otherwise eutrophic → oligotrophic sequence. As stated above, the natural
changes are dwarfed by man- induced inputs via
sewage, detergents, etc.
Summary
1. Aquatic systems are the habitat in water.
2. The total aquatic system refers to a total of
abiotic and biotic factors occurring in the
water body.
3. Aquatic system may also be considered as a
part of the biosphere because this serves as a
habitat for aquatic biota.
4. There occurs unity in diversity in the aquatic
systems because the same life force exists in
all the living forms found in the water.
5. The water bodies may sometimes be layered
or stratifi ed mainly because of temperature
gradients according to depth.
6. Zonation into littoral, limnetic and other zones
is a common characteristic of a water body.
7. The water of the aquatic system may accumulate ingredients from allochthonous
sources.
8. Further, movements and water currents sometimes play a signifi cant role in the dynamics
of aquatic systems.
9. Dissolved salts and nutrients determine the
status of water body particularly, with regard
to health of the aquatic system.
Suggested Readings
Barnes RSK (1980) Coastal lagoons: the natural history of
a neglected habitat. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
Cushing DH, Walsh JJ (1976) The ecology of the seas.
Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Oxford
Hutchinson GE (1967) A Treatise on Limnology, vol II,
Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton.
Wiley, New York, pp ix + 1115
Hutchinson GE (1975) A treatise on limnology, vol III,
Limnological botany. Wiley, New York, pp ix + 660
Hynes HBN (1970) The ecology of running waters.
Liverpool University Press, Liverpool
Wetzel RG (1983) Limnology. Saunders College
Publishing, Philadelphia, pp ix + 858
Whitton BA (1975) Algae. In: Whitton BA (ed) River
ecology. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Oxford, pp
81–105
Suggested Readings
perturbation in an otherwise eutrophic → oligotrophic sequence. As stated above, the natural
changes are dwarfed by man- induced inputs via
sewage, detergents, etc.
Summary
1. Aquatic systems are the habitat in water.
2. The total aquatic system refers to a total of
abiotic and biotic factors occurring in the
water body.
3. Aquatic system may also be considered as a
part of the biosphere because this serves as a
habitat for aquatic biota.
4. There occurs unity in diversity in the aquatic
systems because the same life force exists in
all the living forms found in the water.
5. The water bodies may sometimes be layered
or stratifi ed mainly because of temperature
gradients according to depth.
6. Zonation into littoral, limnetic and other zones
is a common characteristic of a water body.
7. The water of the aquatic system may accumulate ingredients from allochthonous
sources.
8. Further, movements and water currents sometimes play a signifi cant role in the dynamics
of aquatic systems.
9. Dissolved salts and nutrients determine the
status of water body particularly, with regard
to health of the aquatic system.
Suggested Readings
Barnes RSK (1980) Coastal lagoons: the natural history of
a neglected habitat. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
Cushing DH, Walsh JJ (1976) The ecology of the seas.
Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Oxford
Hutchinson GE (1967) A Treatise on Limnology, vol II,
Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton.
Wiley, New York, pp ix + 1115
Hutchinson GE (1975) A treatise on limnology, vol III,
Limnological botany. Wiley, New York, pp ix + 660
Hynes HBN (1970) The ecology of running waters.
Liverpool University Press, Liverpool
Wetzel RG (1983) Limnology. Saunders College
Publishing, Philadelphia, pp ix + 858
Whitton BA (1975) Algae. In: Whitton BA (ed) River
ecology. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Oxford, pp
81–105
Suggested Readings