578
characterise objects of interest. However,
during monsoon season, the suitable atmospheric windows for acquisition of optical
data are limited to cloud-free periods.
Identifi cation of different habitats is also an
important activity for wetland monitoring
and management.
18. Wetland habitat mapping by application of RS
and GIS of some of the wetlands in Assam
indicates that almost all the wetlands of Assam
indicated above are victims of siltation. They
are shallow and some of them are not much
rich with aquatic macrophytes. Turbidity is
generally high during rainy season.
19. Similarly, there are various studies of the
habitat mapping of wetlands in different
places in India and abroad. GIS techniques
are applied in fl ood zonation mapping.
Further, geo-spatial technology in wetland
management, and also RS data in combination with GIS, are effective tools for wetland
management and conservation. The application encompasses water resource assessment,
hydrologic modeling, fl ood management,
reservoir capacity surveys, assessment and
monitoring of the environmental impacts of
water resources project and water quality
mapping and monitoring.
20. The dynamic nature of wetlands necessitates
the widespread and consistent use of satellitebased remote sensors and low cost, affordable GIS tools for effective management and
monitoring.
Suggested Readings
Ahmad N (1980) Some aspects of economic resources of
Sundarbans mangrove forests of Bangladesh. In:
Soepadmo P (ed) Mangrove environment: research
and management. Report on UNESCO Asian
Symposium, held at University of Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, 25–29 Aug 1980, pp 50–51
Anonymous (1990) Wetlands of India: a directory. Ministry
of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pp 150
Anonymous (1991) India 1990. A reference annual.
Research and Reference Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New
Delhi
Anonymous (1993) Directory of Indian wetlands. World
Wildlife Federation, New Delhi
Anonymous (1994) Wetland mapping projectimplementation plan. Space Application Centre,
Ahmedabad
Banner A, Hebda RJ, Oswald ET, Pojar J, Trowbridge R
(1988) Wetlands of Pacifi c Canada, Wetlands of
Canada, National Wetlands Working Group.
Polyscience, Ottawa, pp 306–346
Bastin J (1988) Measuring areas of coral reefs using satellite
imagery. Symposium on remote sensing of the coastal
zone, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp vii.1.1–vii.1.9
Brivio PA, Giardino C, Zilioli E (2001) Validation of satellite data for quality assurance in lake monitoring
applications. Sci Total Environ 268(2001):3–18
Chauhan M, Gopal B (2001) Biodiversity and management of Keoladeo National Park (India): a wetland of
international importance. In: Gopal B, Junk WJ,
Davies JA (eds) Biodiversity in wetlands: assessment,
function and conservation, vol 2. Backhuys Publishers,
Leiden, pp 217–256
Chopra R (1985) The state of India’s environment.
Ambassador Press, New Delhi
Cowardin LM, Carter V, Goblet FC, Large ET (1979)
Classifi cation of wetlands and deepwater habitats of
the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Publication FWS/OBS-79/31, Washington, DC
Cubasch U, Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Stouffer RJ, Dix M,
Noda A, Senior CA, Raper S, Yap KS (2001) Projections
of future climate change. Climate change 2001: the
scientifi c basis. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ,
Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K,
Johnson CA (eds) Contribution of working group I to
the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, pp 525–582
Czechura G, Weston N (2008) Caboolture and district: a
Queensland Museum Wild Guide, Queensland
Museum with assistance of Moreton Bay Regional
Council, Brisbane
Deepa RS, Ramachandra TV (1999) Impact of
urbanisation in the interconnectivity of wetlands.
Paper presented at the national symposium on remote
sensing application for natural resources: retrospective
and perspective, 19–21 Jan 1999, organized by Indian
Society of Remote Sensing, Bangalore
Duguay CR, Prowse TD, Bonsal BR, Brown RD, Lacroix
MP, Menard P (2006) Recent trends in Canadian lake
ice cover. Hydrol Process 20:781–801
Dunning KM, Queen LP (1997) A digital method to
inventory converted wetlands. Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources Division of Waters, St. Paul
Evans FC (1956) Ecosystem as the basic unit in ecology.
Science 123:1127–1128
Frey KE, Smith LC (2005) Amplifi ed carbon release from
vast West Siberian peatlands by 2100. Geophys Res
Lett 32, L09401. doi: 10.1029/2004GL02202
Gitay H, Brown S, Easterling W, Jallow B (2001) Ecosystems
and their goods and services. Climate change: impacts,
adaptation, and vulnerability. In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani
OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS (eds) Contribution
of working group II to the third assessment report of the
26 Habitat Mapping of the Wetlands on GIS Platform
characterise objects of interest. However,
during monsoon season, the suitable atmospheric windows for acquisition of optical
data are limited to cloud-free periods.
Identifi cation of different habitats is also an
important activity for wetland monitoring
and management.
18. Wetland habitat mapping by application of RS
and GIS of some of the wetlands in Assam
indicates that almost all the wetlands of Assam
indicated above are victims of siltation. They
are shallow and some of them are not much
rich with aquatic macrophytes. Turbidity is
generally high during rainy season.
19. Similarly, there are various studies of the
habitat mapping of wetlands in different
places in India and abroad. GIS techniques
are applied in fl ood zonation mapping.
Further, geo-spatial technology in wetland
management, and also RS data in combination with GIS, are effective tools for wetland
management and conservation. The application encompasses water resource assessment,
hydrologic modeling, fl ood management,
reservoir capacity surveys, assessment and
monitoring of the environmental impacts of
water resources project and water quality
mapping and monitoring.
20. The dynamic nature of wetlands necessitates
the widespread and consistent use of satellitebased remote sensors and low cost, affordable GIS tools for effective management and
monitoring.
Suggested Readings
Ahmad N (1980) Some aspects of economic resources of
Sundarbans mangrove forests of Bangladesh. In:
Soepadmo P (ed) Mangrove environment: research
and management. Report on UNESCO Asian
Symposium, held at University of Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, 25–29 Aug 1980, pp 50–51
Anonymous (1990) Wetlands of India: a directory. Ministry
of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pp 150
Anonymous (1991) India 1990. A reference annual.
Research and Reference Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New
Delhi
Anonymous (1993) Directory of Indian wetlands. World
Wildlife Federation, New Delhi
Anonymous (1994) Wetland mapping projectimplementation plan. Space Application Centre,
Ahmedabad
Banner A, Hebda RJ, Oswald ET, Pojar J, Trowbridge R
(1988) Wetlands of Pacifi c Canada, Wetlands of
Canada, National Wetlands Working Group.
Polyscience, Ottawa, pp 306–346
Bastin J (1988) Measuring areas of coral reefs using satellite
imagery. Symposium on remote sensing of the coastal
zone, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp vii.1.1–vii.1.9
Brivio PA, Giardino C, Zilioli E (2001) Validation of satellite data for quality assurance in lake monitoring
applications. Sci Total Environ 268(2001):3–18
Chauhan M, Gopal B (2001) Biodiversity and management of Keoladeo National Park (India): a wetland of
international importance. In: Gopal B, Junk WJ,
Davies JA (eds) Biodiversity in wetlands: assessment,
function and conservation, vol 2. Backhuys Publishers,
Leiden, pp 217–256
Chopra R (1985) The state of India’s environment.
Ambassador Press, New Delhi
Cowardin LM, Carter V, Goblet FC, Large ET (1979)
Classifi cation of wetlands and deepwater habitats of
the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Publication FWS/OBS-79/31, Washington, DC
Cubasch U, Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Stouffer RJ, Dix M,
Noda A, Senior CA, Raper S, Yap KS (2001) Projections
of future climate change. Climate change 2001: the
scientifi c basis. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ,
Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K,
Johnson CA (eds) Contribution of working group I to
the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, pp 525–582
Czechura G, Weston N (2008) Caboolture and district: a
Queensland Museum Wild Guide, Queensland
Museum with assistance of Moreton Bay Regional
Council, Brisbane
Deepa RS, Ramachandra TV (1999) Impact of
urbanisation in the interconnectivity of wetlands.
Paper presented at the national symposium on remote
sensing application for natural resources: retrospective
and perspective, 19–21 Jan 1999, organized by Indian
Society of Remote Sensing, Bangalore
Duguay CR, Prowse TD, Bonsal BR, Brown RD, Lacroix
MP, Menard P (2006) Recent trends in Canadian lake
ice cover. Hydrol Process 20:781–801
Dunning KM, Queen LP (1997) A digital method to
inventory converted wetlands. Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources Division of Waters, St. Paul
Evans FC (1956) Ecosystem as the basic unit in ecology.
Science 123:1127–1128
Frey KE, Smith LC (2005) Amplifi ed carbon release from
vast West Siberian peatlands by 2100. Geophys Res
Lett 32, L09401. doi: 10.1029/2004GL02202
Gitay H, Brown S, Easterling W, Jallow B (2001) Ecosystems
and their goods and services. Climate change: impacts,
adaptation, and vulnerability. In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani
OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS (eds) Contribution
of working group II to the third assessment report of the
26 Habitat Mapping of the Wetlands on GIS Platform