15
1.10.7.3 Regional and Institutional
Linkages
Various forms of technical cooperation exist
amongst Southeast Asian countries, which involve
some form of participation from institutions of
higher learning. One example is the training programmes and institutions of the Southeast Asian
Members of Education Organization (SEAMEO).
The Tropical Biological Programme (SEAMEO/
BIOTROP) in Bogor, Indonesia, organises aquatic
biology workshops, where limnologists from
Malaysian universities have participated as instructors, resource persons or just as trainees.
Another area where limnologists have played
a part is in the coastal study programmes implemented in ASEAN countries under the framework and guidance of the ASEAN Committee on
Science and Technology (COST), involving three
ASEAN dialogue partners, namely, Australia,
Canada and USA. An example is the direct technical study (task 200-M) of the ASEAN/US
Coastal Resources Management Project (CRMP)
which developed a water quality management
scheme for South Johor, Malaysia.
1.10.8 Funding Opportunities
and Agencies
1.10.8.1 Aid from the Malaysian
Government
Under the sixth Malaysian plan (1991–1995), a
total sum of 1.16 billion ringgit (MYRS, where
US $1.00 = MYRS2.78) has been allocated for
research and development. About 560 million
ringgit will be channelled to research institutions and universities to fi nance research project
approved under the intensifi cation in Research in
Priority Areas (IRPA) Programmes. As far as limnological research is concerned, funding for project related to aquaculture, fi sheries and water
pollution research is available under IRPA’s
R&D Programme for Aquaculture Strategic
Development. Further, funds from the private
sector are usually channelled through short-time
donor-defi ned problem originate projects (aid
from international agencies).
The integration of limnology in Malaysia
has, to some extent, been reinforced for fi nancial,
technical and human resource inputs through
international agencies like the Japan Society for
the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS), International
Development Research Centre of Canada (IDRC),
Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit
(GTZ) of Germany and United Nations Educational
Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Furthermore, scholarships and fellowships are
also offered by organisations such as the Canadian
International Development Agency (CIDA),
the European Community and Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (EC-ASEAN) and the
European Environmental Research Organization
(EERO).
1.10.8.2 Scientifi c Societies and Their
Publications
Of the few scientifi c societies existing in
Malaysia, there is not one that deals specially
with limnological work or even freshwater studies. The Ecological Association of Malaysia
(EAM) was established in July 1990 to serve as a
platform for its members to help ensure a high
quality of life for present and future generations
through activities which curb environment degradation. Besides organising seminars, workshops
and conferences from time to time, the EAM produces its own Journal of Ecological Science and
Malaysian Ecology Bulletin.
Another more established scientifi c society is
the Malayan Nature Society (MNS) which produces a quarterly scientifi c journal called
Malayan Nature Journal (MNJ) and also a quarterly magazine called Malayan Naturalist.
More technical research papers are sent to such
international journals as the Hydrobiologia, Archiv
fur Hydrobiologie, Limnology and Oceanography,
Freshwater Biology, Tropical Ecology and Journal
of Phycology for publication.
1.10.8.3 Role of NGOs in Promoting
Limnology
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are
today contributing signifi cantly towards raising
public awareness on environmental issues and
1.10 Limnology in a Typical Developing Country
1.10.7.3 Regional and Institutional
Linkages
Various forms of technical cooperation exist
amongst Southeast Asian countries, which involve
some form of participation from institutions of
higher learning. One example is the training programmes and institutions of the Southeast Asian
Members of Education Organization (SEAMEO).
The Tropical Biological Programme (SEAMEO/
BIOTROP) in Bogor, Indonesia, organises aquatic
biology workshops, where limnologists from
Malaysian universities have participated as instructors, resource persons or just as trainees.
Another area where limnologists have played
a part is in the coastal study programmes implemented in ASEAN countries under the framework and guidance of the ASEAN Committee on
Science and Technology (COST), involving three
ASEAN dialogue partners, namely, Australia,
Canada and USA. An example is the direct technical study (task 200-M) of the ASEAN/US
Coastal Resources Management Project (CRMP)
which developed a water quality management
scheme for South Johor, Malaysia.
1.10.8 Funding Opportunities
and Agencies
1.10.8.1 Aid from the Malaysian
Government
Under the sixth Malaysian plan (1991–1995), a
total sum of 1.16 billion ringgit (MYRS, where
US $1.00 = MYRS2.78) has been allocated for
research and development. About 560 million
ringgit will be channelled to research institutions and universities to fi nance research project
approved under the intensifi cation in Research in
Priority Areas (IRPA) Programmes. As far as limnological research is concerned, funding for project related to aquaculture, fi sheries and water
pollution research is available under IRPA’s
R&D Programme for Aquaculture Strategic
Development. Further, funds from the private
sector are usually channelled through short-time
donor-defi ned problem originate projects (aid
from international agencies).
The integration of limnology in Malaysia
has, to some extent, been reinforced for fi nancial,
technical and human resource inputs through
international agencies like the Japan Society for
the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS), International
Development Research Centre of Canada (IDRC),
Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit
(GTZ) of Germany and United Nations Educational
Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Furthermore, scholarships and fellowships are
also offered by organisations such as the Canadian
International Development Agency (CIDA),
the European Community and Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (EC-ASEAN) and the
European Environmental Research Organization
(EERO).
1.10.8.2 Scientifi c Societies and Their
Publications
Of the few scientifi c societies existing in
Malaysia, there is not one that deals specially
with limnological work or even freshwater studies. The Ecological Association of Malaysia
(EAM) was established in July 1990 to serve as a
platform for its members to help ensure a high
quality of life for present and future generations
through activities which curb environment degradation. Besides organising seminars, workshops
and conferences from time to time, the EAM produces its own Journal of Ecological Science and
Malaysian Ecology Bulletin.
Another more established scientifi c society is
the Malayan Nature Society (MNS) which produces a quarterly scientifi c journal called
Malayan Nature Journal (MNJ) and also a quarterly magazine called Malayan Naturalist.
More technical research papers are sent to such
international journals as the Hydrobiologia, Archiv
fur Hydrobiologie, Limnology and Oceanography,
Freshwater Biology, Tropical Ecology and Journal
of Phycology for publication.
1.10.8.3 Role of NGOs in Promoting
Limnology
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are
today contributing signifi cantly towards raising
public awareness on environmental issues and
1.10 Limnology in a Typical Developing Country