226
Hooker ( 1872 ), Bentham and Hooker
( 1862 –1883), Biswas and Calder ( 1984 ) and
other standard literature could be consulted for
identifi cation. It is essential to consult the Kew
Gardens, the Botanical Survey of India or other
similar institutions to confi rm the identifi cations. Shannon and Weaver ( 1949 ) function be
used to study the equitability and diversity status of the AM and chi-square test (in a computer programme) be used to test their
association with one another.
15.1.7 AM Exemplifi ed from Asian
Wetlands
15.1.7.1 An Account of Aquatic
Macrophytes of Sone Beel
AM was found to exhibit a heterogeneous
assemblage of 23 species in Sone Beel: (1)
Alternanthera sessilis, (2) Azolla pinnata, (3)
Cynodon dactylon, (4) Echinochloa stagnina,
(5) Eichhornia crassipe, (6) Eleocharis acutangula, (7) Euryale ferox, (8) Hydrilla verticillata, (9) Hygroryza aristata, (10) Ipomoea
aquatica, (11) Jussiaea repens, (12)
Nechamandra alternifolia, (13) Nymphaea
nouchali, (14) Nymphoides cristata, (15)
Nymphoides indicum, (16) Oryza sativa, (17)
Polygonum fl accidum, (18) Sagittaria trifolia,
(19) Salvinia cucullata, (20) Scirpus eriophorum, (21) Trapa bispinosa, (22) Vallisneria
spiralis and (23) Vetiveria zizanioides.
For details of AM of Sone Beel, the reader
may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.1.7.2 An Account of the AM
of Chatla Haor Seasonal
Floodplain Wetland
Twenty-three species of AM could be recorded,
till date, in the 1,600 ha (at FSL) Chatla Haor
situated in the Cachar District of Assam. These
could be classifi ed as follows:
Five free fl oating, 4 rooted fl oating, 2 submerged and 12 emergent. Of these, six AM species could be found throughout the year. These
are Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia
cucullata, Trapa bispinosa, Jussiaea repens and
Cynodon dactylon. For details of AM of Chatla
Haor, the reader may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.1.7.3 An Account of the AM of
Baskandi Anua River-Formed
Wetland
Sixteen species of AM have been recorded in
the 39.2 ha (at FSL) Baskandi Anua which
belong to six free-fl oating ( Azolla pinnata,
Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia cucullata,
Lemna paucicostata, Pistia stratiotes, Wolffi a
sp.), two rooted submerged ( Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria spiralis ), six rooted with fl oating leaves ( Nymphaea nouchali, Nymphoides
indicum, N. cristata, Trapa bispinosa, Euryale
ferox, Nelumbo nucifera ) and two rooted emergent ( Jussiaea repens, Murdannia nudifl ora ). Of
these, six AM species were found to occur
throughout the year. These are Azolla pinnata,
Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia cucullata, Trapa
bispinosa and Jussiaea repens.
For details of AM of Baskandi Anua, the
reader may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.2 Wetland Plankton
Communities
‘Plankton’, the living fraction of material found
in water and moving passively by wind or current, is composed of bewildering varieties of
microscopic organisms. The ‘phytoplankton’,
which are predominantly autotrophic, are the primary producers of organic matters in the aquatic
habitats. The nutritionally dependent animal
component constitutes the ‘zooplankton’.
15.2.1 Phytoplankton
The phytoplankton, though stands on the baseline
of many food webs, in the aquatic environment,
is, in turn, dependent on the activities of other
microbial organisms, notably bacteria, which
convert organic material into inorganic nutrients
required by the plants.
The phytoplankton, found in this region, could,
broadly, be classifi ed into the following groups:
15 Wetland Flora, Plankton, Productivity, Fauna and Fishes
Hooker ( 1872 ), Bentham and Hooker
( 1862 –1883), Biswas and Calder ( 1984 ) and
other standard literature could be consulted for
identifi cation. It is essential to consult the Kew
Gardens, the Botanical Survey of India or other
similar institutions to confi rm the identifi cations. Shannon and Weaver ( 1949 ) function be
used to study the equitability and diversity status of the AM and chi-square test (in a computer programme) be used to test their
association with one another.
15.1.7 AM Exemplifi ed from Asian
Wetlands
15.1.7.1 An Account of Aquatic
Macrophytes of Sone Beel
AM was found to exhibit a heterogeneous
assemblage of 23 species in Sone Beel: (1)
Alternanthera sessilis, (2) Azolla pinnata, (3)
Cynodon dactylon, (4) Echinochloa stagnina,
(5) Eichhornia crassipe, (6) Eleocharis acutangula, (7) Euryale ferox, (8) Hydrilla verticillata, (9) Hygroryza aristata, (10) Ipomoea
aquatica, (11) Jussiaea repens, (12)
Nechamandra alternifolia, (13) Nymphaea
nouchali, (14) Nymphoides cristata, (15)
Nymphoides indicum, (16) Oryza sativa, (17)
Polygonum fl accidum, (18) Sagittaria trifolia,
(19) Salvinia cucullata, (20) Scirpus eriophorum, (21) Trapa bispinosa, (22) Vallisneria
spiralis and (23) Vetiveria zizanioides.
For details of AM of Sone Beel, the reader
may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.1.7.2 An Account of the AM
of Chatla Haor Seasonal
Floodplain Wetland
Twenty-three species of AM could be recorded,
till date, in the 1,600 ha (at FSL) Chatla Haor
situated in the Cachar District of Assam. These
could be classifi ed as follows:
Five free fl oating, 4 rooted fl oating, 2 submerged and 12 emergent. Of these, six AM species could be found throughout the year. These
are Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia
cucullata, Trapa bispinosa, Jussiaea repens and
Cynodon dactylon. For details of AM of Chatla
Haor, the reader may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.1.7.3 An Account of the AM of
Baskandi Anua River-Formed
Wetland
Sixteen species of AM have been recorded in
the 39.2 ha (at FSL) Baskandi Anua which
belong to six free-fl oating ( Azolla pinnata,
Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia cucullata,
Lemna paucicostata, Pistia stratiotes, Wolffi a
sp.), two rooted submerged ( Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria spiralis ), six rooted with fl oating leaves ( Nymphaea nouchali, Nymphoides
indicum, N. cristata, Trapa bispinosa, Euryale
ferox, Nelumbo nucifera ) and two rooted emergent ( Jussiaea repens, Murdannia nudifl ora ). Of
these, six AM species were found to occur
throughout the year. These are Azolla pinnata,
Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia cucullata, Trapa
bispinosa and Jussiaea repens.
For details of AM of Baskandi Anua, the
reader may refer to Chap. 20 .
15.2 Wetland Plankton
Communities
‘Plankton’, the living fraction of material found
in water and moving passively by wind or current, is composed of bewildering varieties of
microscopic organisms. The ‘phytoplankton’,
which are predominantly autotrophic, are the primary producers of organic matters in the aquatic
habitats. The nutritionally dependent animal
component constitutes the ‘zooplankton’.
15.2.1 Phytoplankton
The phytoplankton, though stands on the baseline
of many food webs, in the aquatic environment,
is, in turn, dependent on the activities of other
microbial organisms, notably bacteria, which
convert organic material into inorganic nutrients
required by the plants.
The phytoplankton, found in this region, could,
broadly, be classifi ed into the following groups:
15 Wetland Flora, Plankton, Productivity, Fauna and Fishes