172
In India , AM was found to exhibit a heterogeneous assemblage of 23 species in Sone Beel.
AM biomass was found to vary from 0.58 to
21.90 kg/m
2 (average 2.48 ± 0.82) having the
maximum in December and the minimum in
May. In addition to water level (WL) and amplitude of fl ooding, the growth and distribution of
the AM were found to be infl uenced by water
quality of the wetland (Kar 2007a ).
8.5.2 AM of the Mesotrophic and
Eutrophic Lakes of Northern
Germany
Sauer had studied the vegetation of a number of
lakes of Holstein in North Germany. These lakes
are of interest because they apparently provide
examples of infl uence of the surrounding terrain
on the macroscopic plants of a lake. Some of the
AM include Potamogeton pectinatus var. tenuifolius, Chara aspera and Eleocharis asciularis .
8.5.3 The AM of the Lakes
of Northern Poland
Bernatowicz and Zachwieja ( 1966 ) had given a
vivid account of the zonation observed in the
basins of some of the lakes of the more or less contiguous Masurian and Suwalki Lake districts of
Northern Poland. They had made a different
approach in the study. They had attempted a typology of the littoral zone in terms of both lake morphology and vegetation. Some of the AM included
Lobelia dortmanna and Elodea canadensis . Their
studied lakes are situated a little south of the Baltic
Sea at an altitude of >200 m MSL. The lakes are
primarily of glacial origin. The lakes are mostly
mesotrophic or moderately eutrophic. The pH
ranges from 7.8 to 8.4.
8.5.4 AM of Eutrophic Lakes
of Denmark
The AM of several eutrophic lakes in Denmark
( viz . Fureso, Fermumso, Bastrupso) had been
studied by many workers (Boye Peterson 1917 ;
Chirstensen and Andersen 1958 ; etc.). All these
lakes tended to have a girdle of Phragmites australis . Lakeward of these, there may occur Typha
angustifolia , etc. Sharp zonation had been found
to be best developed where the depth increases
moderately fast on living ashore. Potamogeton
natans, Nymphaea alba , etc. were generally
found in somewhat deeper water. The submerged
fl ora consisted mainly of Ceratophyllum demersum . The extent of submerged weed beds is
much variable.
8.5.5 The AM of the Lakes
of Finland
Maristo ( 1941 ) had studied the higher vegetation of 135 Finnish Lakes. He had classifi ed
them into 11 vegetation types. Of them, seven
had been regarded as oligotrophic and four as
eutrophic. The vegetations had been further
classifi ed into three types, namely, (a) the
Equisetum, (b) Equisetum–Phragmites and (c)
Phragmites types. In the oligotrophic category,
three types form a more or less linear series.
They generally pass from very small highly
chthoniotrophic lakes in the headwaters of river
systems to large and more transparent lakes of
the central parts of the valleys. The Equisetum–
Phragmites types of lakes include somewhat
larger and less chthoniotrophic, brown or greenish yellow lakes, 0.68–29.0 km
2 in area, Secchi
disc transparency of 1.2–3.0 m and a pH range
of 6.2–7.0. The main vegetation includes
Phragmites australis and Equisetum fl uviatile .
The lakes of the Phragmites type are generally
large, 31–2,600 km
2 in area with a transparency
between 2.5 and 7.0 m, pH 6.6–6.8. Phragmites
may occur in populations of moderate or low
density along the exposed shores.
8.5.6 AM of the Lakes of Yugoslavia
Vrana is situated on the island of Cherso off the
Coast of Yugoslavia . Golubic ( 1963 ) had done
interesting studies on this lake. This lake is one of
8 Aquatic Macrophytes in Lakes
In India , AM was found to exhibit a heterogeneous assemblage of 23 species in Sone Beel.
AM biomass was found to vary from 0.58 to
21.90 kg/m
2 (average 2.48 ± 0.82) having the
maximum in December and the minimum in
May. In addition to water level (WL) and amplitude of fl ooding, the growth and distribution of
the AM were found to be infl uenced by water
quality of the wetland (Kar 2007a ).
8.5.2 AM of the Mesotrophic and
Eutrophic Lakes of Northern
Germany
Sauer had studied the vegetation of a number of
lakes of Holstein in North Germany. These lakes
are of interest because they apparently provide
examples of infl uence of the surrounding terrain
on the macroscopic plants of a lake. Some of the
AM include Potamogeton pectinatus var. tenuifolius, Chara aspera and Eleocharis asciularis .
8.5.3 The AM of the Lakes
of Northern Poland
Bernatowicz and Zachwieja ( 1966 ) had given a
vivid account of the zonation observed in the
basins of some of the lakes of the more or less contiguous Masurian and Suwalki Lake districts of
Northern Poland. They had made a different
approach in the study. They had attempted a typology of the littoral zone in terms of both lake morphology and vegetation. Some of the AM included
Lobelia dortmanna and Elodea canadensis . Their
studied lakes are situated a little south of the Baltic
Sea at an altitude of >200 m MSL. The lakes are
primarily of glacial origin. The lakes are mostly
mesotrophic or moderately eutrophic. The pH
ranges from 7.8 to 8.4.
8.5.4 AM of Eutrophic Lakes
of Denmark
The AM of several eutrophic lakes in Denmark
( viz . Fureso, Fermumso, Bastrupso) had been
studied by many workers (Boye Peterson 1917 ;
Chirstensen and Andersen 1958 ; etc.). All these
lakes tended to have a girdle of Phragmites australis . Lakeward of these, there may occur Typha
angustifolia , etc. Sharp zonation had been found
to be best developed where the depth increases
moderately fast on living ashore. Potamogeton
natans, Nymphaea alba , etc. were generally
found in somewhat deeper water. The submerged
fl ora consisted mainly of Ceratophyllum demersum . The extent of submerged weed beds is
much variable.
8.5.5 The AM of the Lakes
of Finland
Maristo ( 1941 ) had studied the higher vegetation of 135 Finnish Lakes. He had classifi ed
them into 11 vegetation types. Of them, seven
had been regarded as oligotrophic and four as
eutrophic. The vegetations had been further
classifi ed into three types, namely, (a) the
Equisetum, (b) Equisetum–Phragmites and (c)
Phragmites types. In the oligotrophic category,
three types form a more or less linear series.
They generally pass from very small highly
chthoniotrophic lakes in the headwaters of river
systems to large and more transparent lakes of
the central parts of the valleys. The Equisetum–
Phragmites types of lakes include somewhat
larger and less chthoniotrophic, brown or greenish yellow lakes, 0.68–29.0 km
2 in area, Secchi
disc transparency of 1.2–3.0 m and a pH range
of 6.2–7.0. The main vegetation includes
Phragmites australis and Equisetum fl uviatile .
The lakes of the Phragmites type are generally
large, 31–2,600 km
2 in area with a transparency
between 2.5 and 7.0 m, pH 6.6–6.8. Phragmites
may occur in populations of moderate or low
density along the exposed shores.
8.5.6 AM of the Lakes of Yugoslavia
Vrana is situated on the island of Cherso off the
Coast of Yugoslavia . Golubic ( 1963 ) had done
interesting studies on this lake. This lake is one of
8 Aquatic Macrophytes in Lakes