xix
4.5.6 Consumption, Decomposition
and Elemental Cycling ............................................. 56
4.5.7 Accumulation of Organic Matter
and Their Export ...................................................... 57
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 57
5 Lakes in the Landscape, Their Classifi cation,
Origin, Evolution ........................................................................... 59
5.1 Classifi cation of Lakes on the basis
of their Position on the Globe ................................................ 59
5.1.1 Polar Lakes ............................................................... 59
5.1.2 Temperate Lakes ...................................................... 59
5.1.3 Tropical Lakes .......................................................... 59
5.2 Classifi cation of Lakes on the basis of their Origin ............... 60
5.2.1 Glacial Lakes ........................................................... 60
5.2.2 Ice-Scour Lakes ....................................................... 60
5.2.3 Tectonic Lakes ......................................................... 60
5.2.4 Volcanic Lakes ......................................................... 60
5.2.5 Riverine Lakes ......................................................... 60
5.3 Classifi cation of Lakes on the basis
of Circulation and Mixing ...................................................... 60
5.3.1 Monomictic Lakes ................................................... 60
5.3.2 Dimictic Lakes ......................................................... 61
5.3.3 Oligomictic Lakes .................................................... 61
5.3.4 Polymictic Lakes ...................................................... 61
5.3.5 Amictic Lakes .......................................................... 61
5.3.6 Meromictic Lakes .................................................... 61
5.3.7 Holomictic Lakes ..................................................... 61
5.4 Classifi cation of Lakes on the basis of Nutrition ................... 61
5.4.1 Oligotrophic Lakes ................................................... 61
5.4.2 Eutrophic Lakes ....................................................... 61
5.4.3 Mesotrophic Lakes ................................................... 62
5.4.4 Dystrophic Lakes ..................................................... 62
5.5 Lake Evolution ....................................................................... 62
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 62
6 Lakes of the World ........................................................................ 63
6.1 Lakes of Tropical Latitudes ................................................... 63
6.1.1 Lake Nabugabo ........................................................ 63
6.1.2 Lake Victoria ............................................................ 63
6.1.3 Lake Tanganyika ...................................................... 64
6.1.4 Lakes in Uganda ...................................................... 65
6.1.5 Great Height Lakes in Africa ................................... 66
6.1.6 Lakes in Indonesia ................................................... 66
6.1.7 Lakes in the Philippines ........................................... 67
6.1.8 Floodplain Lakes of the Chang Jiang (China) ......... 67
6.1.9 Lakes in India ........................................................... 68
6.1.10 Lakes in South America ........................................... 71
Contents