147
fi sh captured from these lakes. All fi sh could be
captured by a team of just six fi shermen.
Additional information on fi sh ecology and
fi sheries in Mongolia is available in Shatunovsky
( 1985 ).
The Future of Inland Fisheries in Mongolia
The present fi shery in inland waterbodies of
Mongolia is poorly mechanised. Fish is preserved
by salting, drying or freezing, both for domestic
use and for export. At the same time, Mongolia
imports a considerable quantity of fi sh, including
canned fi sh. With a few exceptions, the fi sh processing personnel have no training, and there is a
shortage of qualifi ed technical staff.
At present, fi sh and fi sh products have only a
minor role in the nutrition of the Mongolian people, but their role is increasing. There is potential
for greater exploitation of some fi sh stocks, but
this will require better management so as to avoid
over-exploitation. The Ministry of Health of
Mongolia has recommended that, by year 2000,
the consumption should reach 1–2 kg of fresh
fi sh and 2–4 kg of fi sh products per caput per year
in the countryside and 3–10 kg of fresh fi sh and
1–14 kg of processed fi sh (mostly canned) per
person in urban centres.
There is a need for better fi shing methods and
better postharvest technology and fi sh processing. Fishing units require better fi shing technology and better mobility to improve their
effi ciency. This includes provision of better fi shing boats, tractors, drilling machines for drilling
ice for winter fi shing from ice and transport
vehicles.
Drying out of some lakes places further
constraint on the development of fi sheries in
some lakes, especially in the valley of the lakes in
the Central Asian Basin. The gradual drying up
of lakes since 1978 has resulted in a virtual disappearance of lakes Orog and Taitsin Tsagaan.
Lake Orog Nuur covers 140 km
2 and has an average depth of 3 m when full. This lake completely
dried up during 1988–1989 (Dgebuadze 1995 ).
Lake Taitsin Tsagaan also completely dried out
during the same period and stayed dry for a number of years. Lake Ulan Nuur, the eastern-most
lake in Lake Valley, also periodically dries up.
The current level of knowledge of fi sh stocks
in many lakes and rivers of Mongolia is still
insuffi cient to provide a good database for management decisions. The survey of waterbodies
concentrating especially on fi sh of commercial
and recreational importance needs to be intensifi ed, and this will require a close collaboration
between the Mongolian and international scientists. Hydrobiological, hydrological, chemical
and microbiological research should be enhanced
through international collaboration, with more
work also to be done to improve the knowledge
of taxonomy, biology and ecology of aquatic
organisms in the individual waterbodies of
Mongolia. Training of fi shery personnel at all
levels is also required, especially in fi shing methods and postharvest technology.
6.9.2.10 High Altitude Lentic Bodies
of Africa
Lake Bunyonyi
Having an area of about 60 km
2 , it is a fairly large
lake situated in Africa at an altitude of 1,950 m
MSL. It was said to be formed by the volcanic
damming of a deep branching valley about
18,000 years ago. The lake has a complicated
form with many small inlets. This lake is
meromictic with a chemocline lying at a depth of
about 15 m. The thermal and chemical structure
of the lake may vary seasonally above this depth.
The water is defi cient in oxygen, may sometimes
be up to a depth of 7 m.
Two distinct plant communities had been
reported from this lake. There is generally a zone
of fi rmly rooted Phragmites australis on the steep
exposed shores. This plant may also extend outward into water which could be 4.2 m deep.
There is usually and typically a zone of Cyperus
papyrus (1–4 m wide) on its landward side. There
is generally a narrow zone of fl oating leafed
Nymphaea caerulea , etc . along some parts of the
shore.
Lake Naivasha (Kenya)
Location
Lake Naivasha , lying at 1,884 m MSL, between
coordinates 0° 46′ 6.70″ S and 36° 21′ 2.32″ E
and 0.768528° S and 36.3506444° E, is an FW
6.9 High Altitude (HA) Lentic Bodies
fi sh captured from these lakes. All fi sh could be
captured by a team of just six fi shermen.
Additional information on fi sh ecology and
fi sheries in Mongolia is available in Shatunovsky
( 1985 ).
The Future of Inland Fisheries in Mongolia
The present fi shery in inland waterbodies of
Mongolia is poorly mechanised. Fish is preserved
by salting, drying or freezing, both for domestic
use and for export. At the same time, Mongolia
imports a considerable quantity of fi sh, including
canned fi sh. With a few exceptions, the fi sh processing personnel have no training, and there is a
shortage of qualifi ed technical staff.
At present, fi sh and fi sh products have only a
minor role in the nutrition of the Mongolian people, but their role is increasing. There is potential
for greater exploitation of some fi sh stocks, but
this will require better management so as to avoid
over-exploitation. The Ministry of Health of
Mongolia has recommended that, by year 2000,
the consumption should reach 1–2 kg of fresh
fi sh and 2–4 kg of fi sh products per caput per year
in the countryside and 3–10 kg of fresh fi sh and
1–14 kg of processed fi sh (mostly canned) per
person in urban centres.
There is a need for better fi shing methods and
better postharvest technology and fi sh processing. Fishing units require better fi shing technology and better mobility to improve their
effi ciency. This includes provision of better fi shing boats, tractors, drilling machines for drilling
ice for winter fi shing from ice and transport
vehicles.
Drying out of some lakes places further
constraint on the development of fi sheries in
some lakes, especially in the valley of the lakes in
the Central Asian Basin. The gradual drying up
of lakes since 1978 has resulted in a virtual disappearance of lakes Orog and Taitsin Tsagaan.
Lake Orog Nuur covers 140 km
2 and has an average depth of 3 m when full. This lake completely
dried up during 1988–1989 (Dgebuadze 1995 ).
Lake Taitsin Tsagaan also completely dried out
during the same period and stayed dry for a number of years. Lake Ulan Nuur, the eastern-most
lake in Lake Valley, also periodically dries up.
The current level of knowledge of fi sh stocks
in many lakes and rivers of Mongolia is still
insuffi cient to provide a good database for management decisions. The survey of waterbodies
concentrating especially on fi sh of commercial
and recreational importance needs to be intensifi ed, and this will require a close collaboration
between the Mongolian and international scientists. Hydrobiological, hydrological, chemical
and microbiological research should be enhanced
through international collaboration, with more
work also to be done to improve the knowledge
of taxonomy, biology and ecology of aquatic
organisms in the individual waterbodies of
Mongolia. Training of fi shery personnel at all
levels is also required, especially in fi shing methods and postharvest technology.
6.9.2.10 High Altitude Lentic Bodies
of Africa
Lake Bunyonyi
Having an area of about 60 km
2 , it is a fairly large
lake situated in Africa at an altitude of 1,950 m
MSL. It was said to be formed by the volcanic
damming of a deep branching valley about
18,000 years ago. The lake has a complicated
form with many small inlets. This lake is
meromictic with a chemocline lying at a depth of
about 15 m. The thermal and chemical structure
of the lake may vary seasonally above this depth.
The water is defi cient in oxygen, may sometimes
be up to a depth of 7 m.
Two distinct plant communities had been
reported from this lake. There is generally a zone
of fi rmly rooted Phragmites australis on the steep
exposed shores. This plant may also extend outward into water which could be 4.2 m deep.
There is usually and typically a zone of Cyperus
papyrus (1–4 m wide) on its landward side. There
is generally a narrow zone of fl oating leafed
Nymphaea caerulea , etc . along some parts of the
shore.
Lake Naivasha (Kenya)
Location
Lake Naivasha , lying at 1,884 m MSL, between
coordinates 0° 46′ 6.70″ S and 36° 21′ 2.32″ E
and 0.768528° S and 36.3506444° E, is an FW
6.9 High Altitude (HA) Lentic Bodies