Biological Nitrogen Removal Using Immobilized Bacteria
409
Acknowledgment. The authors appreciate the support of the German partners Dr.
T. Wilike and Prof. K.-D. Vorlop, FAL - Federal Institute of Technology, in the
selection of the appropriate gel material and the method of bacteria entrapment.
This research was supported by a grant from the National Council for Research
and Development (Israel), the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, and a grant from the
Technion Water Research Institute.
References
Akin C (1987) Biocatalysis with immobilized cells. BiotechnolGenet Eng Rev 5:
319-366
Eckenfelder W, Argaman Y (1991) Principles of biological and physical/chemical
nitrogen removal. In: Sedloc R (ed) Phosphorus and nitrogen removal from
municipal wastewater. Principle and practice. 2nd Ed. Lewis
Jekel M, Buhr A, Willke T, Vorlop K-D (1998) Immobilization ofbiokatalists in
LentiKats. Chem.Eng.Techno!., 21(3): 276-278
Leenen EJTM, Dos Santos YAP, Grolle KCF (1996) Characteristics of and
selection materials for cell immobilization in wastewater treatment. Wat Res
30(12): 985 - 2996
Libman V, Papkov G, Argaman Y (2000) Feasibility study of complete nitrogen
removal from municipal wastewater by consequent nitrification-denitrification
using immobilized nitrifiers in gel beads. Water Environ Res 72: 40-49
Libman (1998) Nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater using immobilized
biomass. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Matsumura M, Yamamoto T, Wang PC, Shinabe K, Yasuda K (1997) Rapid
nitrification with immobilized cell using macro-porous cellulose carrier. Wat
Res 31(5): 1027-1034
Metcalf Eddy (1991) Wastewater engineering. treatment Disposal. 3rd Edn
McGraw-Hili, New York
Myoga H, Asano M, Nomura Y, Yoshida M (1991) Effects of immobilization
conditions on the nitrification treatability of entrapped cell reactors using the
PYA freezing method. Water Sci Technol 23: 1117-1124
Pascik I (1990) Modified polyurethane carriers for biochemical wastewater
treatment. Water Sci Technol22: 33-42
Ozaki H, Liu Z, Terashima Y (1991) Utilization of microorganisms immobilized
with magnetic particles for sewage and wastewater treatment. Water Sci
Technol23: 1125-1136
Shieh WK, Keenan JD (1986) Fluidized bed biofilm formation for wastewater
treatment. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 33: 131-169
Standard Methods (1997) Annual book of ASTM standards. Water and
environmental technology. Easton, Maryland
Sumino T, Nakamura M, and Mori N (1991) Immobilization of activated sludge
by the acrylamide method. J. Ferment. Bioeng 72(2): 141-143
409
Acknowledgment. The authors appreciate the support of the German partners Dr.
T. Wilike and Prof. K.-D. Vorlop, FAL - Federal Institute of Technology, in the
selection of the appropriate gel material and the method of bacteria entrapment.
This research was supported by a grant from the National Council for Research
and Development (Israel), the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, and a grant from the
Technion Water Research Institute.
References
Akin C (1987) Biocatalysis with immobilized cells. BiotechnolGenet Eng Rev 5:
319-366
Eckenfelder W, Argaman Y (1991) Principles of biological and physical/chemical
nitrogen removal. In: Sedloc R (ed) Phosphorus and nitrogen removal from
municipal wastewater. Principle and practice. 2nd Ed. Lewis
Jekel M, Buhr A, Willke T, Vorlop K-D (1998) Immobilization ofbiokatalists in
LentiKats. Chem.Eng.Techno!., 21(3): 276-278
Leenen EJTM, Dos Santos YAP, Grolle KCF (1996) Characteristics of and
selection materials for cell immobilization in wastewater treatment. Wat Res
30(12): 985 - 2996
Libman V, Papkov G, Argaman Y (2000) Feasibility study of complete nitrogen
removal from municipal wastewater by consequent nitrification-denitrification
using immobilized nitrifiers in gel beads. Water Environ Res 72: 40-49
Libman (1998) Nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater using immobilized
biomass. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Matsumura M, Yamamoto T, Wang PC, Shinabe K, Yasuda K (1997) Rapid
nitrification with immobilized cell using macro-porous cellulose carrier. Wat
Res 31(5): 1027-1034
Metcalf Eddy (1991) Wastewater engineering. treatment Disposal. 3rd Edn
McGraw-Hili, New York
Myoga H, Asano M, Nomura Y, Yoshida M (1991) Effects of immobilization
conditions on the nitrification treatability of entrapped cell reactors using the
PYA freezing method. Water Sci Technol 23: 1117-1124
Pascik I (1990) Modified polyurethane carriers for biochemical wastewater
treatment. Water Sci Technol22: 33-42
Ozaki H, Liu Z, Terashima Y (1991) Utilization of microorganisms immobilized
with magnetic particles for sewage and wastewater treatment. Water Sci
Technol23: 1125-1136
Shieh WK, Keenan JD (1986) Fluidized bed biofilm formation for wastewater
treatment. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 33: 131-169
Standard Methods (1997) Annual book of ASTM standards. Water and
environmental technology. Easton, Maryland
Sumino T, Nakamura M, and Mori N (1991) Immobilization of activated sludge
by the acrylamide method. J. Ferment. Bioeng 72(2): 141-143