14
A. Shaviv
3. Leaching can be minimized and N uptake maintained at its peak by using CRN
fertilizers, particularly in their ammoniacal form, and provided that there is
reasonable synchronization between the rate of supply and plant demand.
4. The level of applied N with CRNs can be significantly reduced in comparison
to application levels of soluble fertilizers, since the need for "insurance"
application levels in this case is expected to be much smaller.
5. Band application of CRN (NH/) appears the most effective EFFP, both
ergonomically and environmentally.
6. When evaluating environmentally friendly fertilization practices, agronomists
should be encouraged to evaluate losses of N in parallel to the agronomic
impact, since in many cases the differences in yields due to EFFPs may be
small whereas the environmental impact is large.
References
Amberger A (1989) Research on DCD as a nitrification inhibitor and future outlook.
Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal 20: 1933-1955
Bear J, F W A Shaviv (1998) A N- dynamics model for predicting N-behavior subject to
environmentally friendly fertilization practices: I - Mathematical model. Transport
Porous Media 31 :249-274
Darrah PR, Nye pH, White RE (1987) The effect of high solution concentration on
nitrification rates in soil. Plant Soil 97: 37-45
Glasscock G, Shaviv A, Hagin J (1995) Nitrification Inhibitor interaction with applied
ammonium concentration. J. Plant Nutr. 18:105-116
Hagin J, Olsen SR, Shaviv A (1990) Review of the interaction of ammonium - nitrate and
potassium nutrition of crops. J Plant Nutr 13: 1211-1226
Hauck RD (1985) Slow release and bio-inhibitor amended nitrogen fertilizers. In:
Engelstad P (ed) Fertilizer technology and use, pp 293-322 3rd edn. SSSA Madison,
Wisconsin, pp 293-322
Malhi SS, Nyborg M (1985) Methods of placement for increasing the efficiency of N
fertilizers applied in the fall. Agron J 77:27-32
Nedan S (1990) Control of nitrification rate by ammonium and inhibitors. MSc Thesis,
Agric Eng Technion, Haifa, Israel
Raban S (1994) Release mechanisms of membrane coated fertilizers. MSc Thesis, Agric
Eng Haifa, Israel
Sabbagh E, Shaviv A, Harpaz A (1989) Prediction of nitrogen requirements by using a
modified nitrogen dynamics model. In: Hansen Jens AA, Henriksen K, (Eds) Nitrogen
in organic wastes applied to soils. Academic Press, London, pp 167-181
Shaviv A (1988) Control of nitrification rate by increasing ammonium concentration. Fert
Res 7:177-188
Shaviv A (1993) Controlled supply of fertilizers for increasing use efficiency and reducing
pollution. In : Fragoso MAC, van Beusichem ML, Houwers A (Eds.) Optimization of
Plant Nutrition. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 651-656
Shaviv A (1996) Plant response and environmental aspects as affected by rate and pattern of
nitrogen release from controlled release N fertilizers. In: Van Cleempt 0, Hofman G,
Vermoesen A (eds.) Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, Kluwer, Dordrechet, pp 285291
A. Shaviv
3. Leaching can be minimized and N uptake maintained at its peak by using CRN
fertilizers, particularly in their ammoniacal form, and provided that there is
reasonable synchronization between the rate of supply and plant demand.
4. The level of applied N with CRNs can be significantly reduced in comparison
to application levels of soluble fertilizers, since the need for "insurance"
application levels in this case is expected to be much smaller.
5. Band application of CRN (NH/) appears the most effective EFFP, both
ergonomically and environmentally.
6. When evaluating environmentally friendly fertilization practices, agronomists
should be encouraged to evaluate losses of N in parallel to the agronomic
impact, since in many cases the differences in yields due to EFFPs may be
small whereas the environmental impact is large.
References
Amberger A (1989) Research on DCD as a nitrification inhibitor and future outlook.
Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal 20: 1933-1955
Bear J, F W A Shaviv (1998) A N- dynamics model for predicting N-behavior subject to
environmentally friendly fertilization practices: I - Mathematical model. Transport
Porous Media 31 :249-274
Darrah PR, Nye pH, White RE (1987) The effect of high solution concentration on
nitrification rates in soil. Plant Soil 97: 37-45
Glasscock G, Shaviv A, Hagin J (1995) Nitrification Inhibitor interaction with applied
ammonium concentration. J. Plant Nutr. 18:105-116
Hagin J, Olsen SR, Shaviv A (1990) Review of the interaction of ammonium - nitrate and
potassium nutrition of crops. J Plant Nutr 13: 1211-1226
Hauck RD (1985) Slow release and bio-inhibitor amended nitrogen fertilizers. In:
Engelstad P (ed) Fertilizer technology and use, pp 293-322 3rd edn. SSSA Madison,
Wisconsin, pp 293-322
Malhi SS, Nyborg M (1985) Methods of placement for increasing the efficiency of N
fertilizers applied in the fall. Agron J 77:27-32
Nedan S (1990) Control of nitrification rate by ammonium and inhibitors. MSc Thesis,
Agric Eng Technion, Haifa, Israel
Raban S (1994) Release mechanisms of membrane coated fertilizers. MSc Thesis, Agric
Eng Haifa, Israel
Sabbagh E, Shaviv A, Harpaz A (1989) Prediction of nitrogen requirements by using a
modified nitrogen dynamics model. In: Hansen Jens AA, Henriksen K, (Eds) Nitrogen
in organic wastes applied to soils. Academic Press, London, pp 167-181
Shaviv A (1988) Control of nitrification rate by increasing ammonium concentration. Fert
Res 7:177-188
Shaviv A (1993) Controlled supply of fertilizers for increasing use efficiency and reducing
pollution. In : Fragoso MAC, van Beusichem ML, Houwers A (Eds.) Optimization of
Plant Nutrition. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 651-656
Shaviv A (1996) Plant response and environmental aspects as affected by rate and pattern of
nitrogen release from controlled release N fertilizers. In: Van Cleempt 0, Hofman G,
Vermoesen A (eds.) Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, Kluwer, Dordrechet, pp 285291