294
H. S. Weinberg
5 The Future
Before investing in any major capital outlay for installation of new technology in
the drinking-water treatment process, it is essential to perform batch oxidation and
biodegradation screening. The chemistry of the AOP, for example, is extremely
complex and is a function of water quality. Nevertheless, the correct application of
an AOP to remove target contaminants or reduce disinfection byproducts through
the generation of and subsequent removal of biological dissolved organic carbon
(BDOC) is a major step forward in being able to improve the quality of drinking
water. If BDOC is removed by biofiltration in the plant, there is less potential for
microbial regrowth, lower levels of disinfectant are required, and the disinfectant
residual will be longer lasting.
With adequate watershed management, there is no reason why the vast
majority of surface water plants would not continue to operate effective
conventional treatment. This is a sentiment shared by a large number of North
American consulting engineers who suggest that innovative application of
membrane technology, as it becomes cheaper and easier to use, will be
incorporated into smaller plants or those facing specific source water
contamination. Certainly, in developing parts of the world where population
growth continues, shortage of natural water resources will cause an increased
drive to find economic means of reclaiming used water, and membrane
technology, as it becomes more cost-effective, will find a large market in that area.
References
Aieta EM, Roberts PV (1985) The chemistry of oxo-chlorine compounds relevant to
chlorine dioxide generation. In: Jolley RL, Bull RJ, Davis WP et al. (eds) Water
chlorination: chemistry, environmental impact and health effects, vol. 5. Lewis,
Chelsea, Michigan
Aieta EM, Reagan KM, Lang JS (1988) Advanced oxidation processes for treating
groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE: pilot-scale evaluations. J Am Water
Works Assoc 80(5):64
American Water Works Association (1999) Water quality and treatment, 5 th edn. McGrawHill, New York
Babcock DB, Singer PC (1979) Chlorination and coagulation of humic and fulvic acids. J
Am Water Works Assoc 71(3):149
Bishop MM., Rolan AT, Bailey TL, Cornwell DA (1987) Testing of alum recovery for
solids reduction and reuse. J Am Water Works Assoc 79(6):76-83
Blaser MJ, Alios BM (1995) Campylobacter jejuni and the expanding spectrum of related
infections. Clin Infect Dis 20:1092-1101
Boegel J (1989) Air stripping and steam stripping. In: Freeman, HA (ed) Standard
handbook of hazardous waste treatment and disposal. McGraw-Hill, New York
Bosch A, Lucena F, Diez JM, Gajardo R, Blasi M, Jofre J (1991) Waterborne viruses
associated with hepatitis outbreaks. J Am Water Works Assoc 83(3):80-83
H. S. Weinberg
5 The Future
Before investing in any major capital outlay for installation of new technology in
the drinking-water treatment process, it is essential to perform batch oxidation and
biodegradation screening. The chemistry of the AOP, for example, is extremely
complex and is a function of water quality. Nevertheless, the correct application of
an AOP to remove target contaminants or reduce disinfection byproducts through
the generation of and subsequent removal of biological dissolved organic carbon
(BDOC) is a major step forward in being able to improve the quality of drinking
water. If BDOC is removed by biofiltration in the plant, there is less potential for
microbial regrowth, lower levels of disinfectant are required, and the disinfectant
residual will be longer lasting.
With adequate watershed management, there is no reason why the vast
majority of surface water plants would not continue to operate effective
conventional treatment. This is a sentiment shared by a large number of North
American consulting engineers who suggest that innovative application of
membrane technology, as it becomes cheaper and easier to use, will be
incorporated into smaller plants or those facing specific source water
contamination. Certainly, in developing parts of the world where population
growth continues, shortage of natural water resources will cause an increased
drive to find economic means of reclaiming used water, and membrane
technology, as it becomes more cost-effective, will find a large market in that area.
References
Aieta EM, Roberts PV (1985) The chemistry of oxo-chlorine compounds relevant to
chlorine dioxide generation. In: Jolley RL, Bull RJ, Davis WP et al. (eds) Water
chlorination: chemistry, environmental impact and health effects, vol. 5. Lewis,
Chelsea, Michigan
Aieta EM, Reagan KM, Lang JS (1988) Advanced oxidation processes for treating
groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE: pilot-scale evaluations. J Am Water
Works Assoc 80(5):64
American Water Works Association (1999) Water quality and treatment, 5 th edn. McGrawHill, New York
Babcock DB, Singer PC (1979) Chlorination and coagulation of humic and fulvic acids. J
Am Water Works Assoc 71(3):149
Bishop MM., Rolan AT, Bailey TL, Cornwell DA (1987) Testing of alum recovery for
solids reduction and reuse. J Am Water Works Assoc 79(6):76-83
Blaser MJ, Alios BM (1995) Campylobacter jejuni and the expanding spectrum of related
infections. Clin Infect Dis 20:1092-1101
Boegel J (1989) Air stripping and steam stripping. In: Freeman, HA (ed) Standard
handbook of hazardous waste treatment and disposal. McGraw-Hill, New York
Bosch A, Lucena F, Diez JM, Gajardo R, Blasi M, Jofre J (1991) Waterborne viruses
associated with hepatitis outbreaks. J Am Water Works Assoc 83(3):80-83