Table 1.
Protection against emerging pathgogenic water-borne contamination
Pathogen
Organism
Target organ
Treatment
Reference
category
Bacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
Lungs
Resistant to Cl2 at 10 ppm
Collins et al. (1984)
Pathogenic
E. coli
Intestine
Good distribution system
Swerdlow et al. (1993)
ti
-.
Helicobacter pylori
Stomach
0.5 ppm free chlorine
Johnson et al. (1997)
s·
p.
Campylobacter jejuni
Intestine
0.1 ppm Ch or I ppm NH2Cl
Blaser & Alios (1995)
=>
0<>
~
~
(I>
Viruses
Enteroviruses
Nerves, heart
Conventional (coxsackie more resistant)
-.
D
Norwalklcalicivirus
Intestine
Unknown
c
~
Hepatitis A
Liver
Residual free Cl2
> 0.2 ppm
Bosch et al. (1991)
~.
8'
-.
9Protozoa
Cyclospora
Intestine
Membrane filtration
Rabo ld et al. (1994)
(I>
tv
......
Mixed oxidants
Sobsey et al. (2000)
n
Microsporidia
All
Unknown
(I>
=>
6'
Toxoplasma
All
Unknown
-.
'<
Toxins
Cyanobacteria
Intestine, liver
Lime, GAC, ozone,
Himberg et aI., 1989
I~
-..J