70
Lake and Pond Sediments
3.1.6
Vanadium
Hasebe et al. [199] determined traces of vanadium in digests of pond sediments using
differential pulse polarography of the vanadium(IV)-pyrocatechol complex.
3.1.1
Multielements
Several workers have applied neutron activation analysis to the analysis of lake
sediments [200-203]. Elements determined include arsenic, selenium, and mercury
[200], aluminium, arsenic, barium, bromine, calcium, cerium, cobalt, chromium,
caesium, dysprosium, europium, iron, gadolinium, hafnium, potassium, lanthanum,
manganese, sodium, neodymium, nickel, rubidium, antimony, scandium, samarium,
tantalum, terbium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, ytterbium, and zinc [202],
and aluminium, vanadium, copper, titanium, bromine, magnesium, molybdenum,
rubidium, gallium, samarium, thorium, uranium, iodine, chlorine, cadmium, barium,
indium, neodymium, dysprosium, nickel, manganese, europium, potassium, zinc,
iridium, platinum, osmium, ruthenium, gold, and strontium [203]. Table 3.3 lists
some elements found in sediments taken from American lakes.
Atomic absorption spectrometry has also been used to determine 20 elements in
lake sediments [204,205].
Allen [206] analysed bottom sediments, taken at the Great Stone Lake, for heavy
metal content. The concentrations of metals found in the sediments were related to
bedrock composition.
3.2
Non-Metals and Sulphides
3.2.1
Total Nitrogen
Wong and Kemp [224] have described a rapid automated procedure involving combustion at 2 000 °c for the determination of total nitrogen in lake sediments.
3.2.2
Total Phosphorus
Comparative studies of different methods for determination of total phosphorus in
sediment have been made by Sommers et al. [207], Nordforsk [208], and Mehta
[209]. Digestion with perchloric acid [210], Standard Methods [211], is the most
common and generally accepted procedure. A more rapid method for determination
of total phosphorus in water samples by digestion with persulphate was introduced
by Koroleff [212], but this method has not been widely used for sediment samples.
Preliminary measurements of phosphorus in lake sediments using the persulphate
digestion method gave considerably lower values than the perchloric acid method
[189].
Lake and Pond Sediments
3.1.6
Vanadium
Hasebe et al. [199] determined traces of vanadium in digests of pond sediments using
differential pulse polarography of the vanadium(IV)-pyrocatechol complex.
3.1.1
Multielements
Several workers have applied neutron activation analysis to the analysis of lake
sediments [200-203]. Elements determined include arsenic, selenium, and mercury
[200], aluminium, arsenic, barium, bromine, calcium, cerium, cobalt, chromium,
caesium, dysprosium, europium, iron, gadolinium, hafnium, potassium, lanthanum,
manganese, sodium, neodymium, nickel, rubidium, antimony, scandium, samarium,
tantalum, terbium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, ytterbium, and zinc [202],
and aluminium, vanadium, copper, titanium, bromine, magnesium, molybdenum,
rubidium, gallium, samarium, thorium, uranium, iodine, chlorine, cadmium, barium,
indium, neodymium, dysprosium, nickel, manganese, europium, potassium, zinc,
iridium, platinum, osmium, ruthenium, gold, and strontium [203]. Table 3.3 lists
some elements found in sediments taken from American lakes.
Atomic absorption spectrometry has also been used to determine 20 elements in
lake sediments [204,205].
Allen [206] analysed bottom sediments, taken at the Great Stone Lake, for heavy
metal content. The concentrations of metals found in the sediments were related to
bedrock composition.
3.2
Non-Metals and Sulphides
3.2.1
Total Nitrogen
Wong and Kemp [224] have described a rapid automated procedure involving combustion at 2 000 °c for the determination of total nitrogen in lake sediments.
3.2.2
Total Phosphorus
Comparative studies of different methods for determination of total phosphorus in
sediment have been made by Sommers et al. [207], Nordforsk [208], and Mehta
[209]. Digestion with perchloric acid [210], Standard Methods [211], is the most
common and generally accepted procedure. A more rapid method for determination
of total phosphorus in water samples by digestion with persulphate was introduced
by Koroleff [212], but this method has not been widely used for sediment samples.
Preliminary measurements of phosphorus in lake sediments using the persulphate
digestion method gave considerably lower values than the perchloric acid method
[189].