76
Water In Ecosystems: A Non Renewable Resource
This indicates the presence of a fault that separates high values from low, similar to
the action of conductivity. In relation to L3, no clear seasonal variations are
observed for AG and BM. The spatial and temporal study shows that all values are
over 70 mg/l and a large part over 100 mg/I. However, with the years a reduction
of the values in the entire layer becomes clear, due mainly to filtering through the
lower layers, that increase their values through time. The different polluted areas
are located in similar positions to the conductivity ones.
5. CONCLUSION
In order to avoid an increase in the deterioration of water quality some recommendations are given: (i) in relation to salinization, it is recommended to concentrate
pumping far from the coast, in order to reduce the risk of marine intrusion; (ii) it
is very important to make a water mass balance for establishing the evolution of
the water inside the aquifer system; (iii) moreover, a rational policy of extraction is
strongly advised; (iv) the problem of nitrate pollution increases with time. The
contribution of this ion comes from the surface, and tends to filter down to the
deepest water reservoirs. In this sense, it is important to protect the less polluted
layers from nitrates. Further advice is to extend the use of fertilizers throughout
the year, and not to concentrate it in several months.
KEYWORDS
Water quality, nitrate, salinity, ground water, pollution, remediation, agriculture,
Spain, GOCAD.
REFERENCES
[I]
Dominguez, P., Franqueza, P., and Gonzalez, A. "Sintesis hidrogeologica del Campo de
Dalias y su entorno", TIAC'88. Almunecar, Granada. 11:69-144 (1988).
[2]
Foumiguet, J. "Neotectonique et Quaternaire marin sur Ie littoral de la Sierra Nevada", These
Univ. Orleans, Andalousie (Espagne). 234 p. (1975).
[3]
"Estudio hidrogeologico del Campo de Dalias", IGME. 12 vol. (unpUblished) (1982).
[4]
Mallet, J.L. "Discrete smooth interpolation", ACM Transaction on Graphics.8-n2:121-144
(1989).
[5]
Pulido, A., Martinez-Vidal, J. L., Navarrete, F., Benavente, J, Molina, L., Gonzalez -Murcia,
V., Macias, A., and Padilla, A. "Caracterizacion hidrogeoquimica del Campo de Dalias
(Almeria)", lARA. Junta de Andalucia. Sevilla. 256 p. (1989).
[6]
Pulido, A., Navarrete, F., Molina, L., Vallejos, A., Martin-Rosales, W. and Martinez-Vidal,
J. L. In: "Some Spanish Karstic Aquifers", Pulido Ed. Univ. Granada. 143-158 (1993a).
[7]
Pulido, A., Molina, L., Navarrete, F., and Martinez-Vidal, J. L. In: "Some Spanish Karstic
Aquifers", Pulido Ed. Univ. Granada. 183-194 (1993b).
[8]
Thauvin, J. P. "Riesgos de intrusion marina en el Campo de Dalias (Almeria)", Tecniterrae.
40: 19-26 (1986).
Water In Ecosystems: A Non Renewable Resource
This indicates the presence of a fault that separates high values from low, similar to
the action of conductivity. In relation to L3, no clear seasonal variations are
observed for AG and BM. The spatial and temporal study shows that all values are
over 70 mg/l and a large part over 100 mg/I. However, with the years a reduction
of the values in the entire layer becomes clear, due mainly to filtering through the
lower layers, that increase their values through time. The different polluted areas
are located in similar positions to the conductivity ones.
5. CONCLUSION
In order to avoid an increase in the deterioration of water quality some recommendations are given: (i) in relation to salinization, it is recommended to concentrate
pumping far from the coast, in order to reduce the risk of marine intrusion; (ii) it
is very important to make a water mass balance for establishing the evolution of
the water inside the aquifer system; (iii) moreover, a rational policy of extraction is
strongly advised; (iv) the problem of nitrate pollution increases with time. The
contribution of this ion comes from the surface, and tends to filter down to the
deepest water reservoirs. In this sense, it is important to protect the less polluted
layers from nitrates. Further advice is to extend the use of fertilizers throughout
the year, and not to concentrate it in several months.
KEYWORDS
Water quality, nitrate, salinity, ground water, pollution, remediation, agriculture,
Spain, GOCAD.
REFERENCES
[I]
Dominguez, P., Franqueza, P., and Gonzalez, A. "Sintesis hidrogeologica del Campo de
Dalias y su entorno", TIAC'88. Almunecar, Granada. 11:69-144 (1988).
[2]
Foumiguet, J. "Neotectonique et Quaternaire marin sur Ie littoral de la Sierra Nevada", These
Univ. Orleans, Andalousie (Espagne). 234 p. (1975).
[3]
"Estudio hidrogeologico del Campo de Dalias", IGME. 12 vol. (unpUblished) (1982).
[4]
Mallet, J.L. "Discrete smooth interpolation", ACM Transaction on Graphics.8-n2:121-144
(1989).
[5]
Pulido, A., Martinez-Vidal, J. L., Navarrete, F., Benavente, J, Molina, L., Gonzalez -Murcia,
V., Macias, A., and Padilla, A. "Caracterizacion hidrogeoquimica del Campo de Dalias
(Almeria)", lARA. Junta de Andalucia. Sevilla. 256 p. (1989).
[6]
Pulido, A., Navarrete, F., Molina, L., Vallejos, A., Martin-Rosales, W. and Martinez-Vidal,
J. L. In: "Some Spanish Karstic Aquifers", Pulido Ed. Univ. Granada. 143-158 (1993a).
[7]
Pulido, A., Molina, L., Navarrete, F., and Martinez-Vidal, J. L. In: "Some Spanish Karstic
Aquifers", Pulido Ed. Univ. Granada. 183-194 (1993b).
[8]
Thauvin, J. P. "Riesgos de intrusion marina en el Campo de Dalias (Almeria)", Tecniterrae.
40: 19-26 (1986).