underlying definitions, neuroethology aims to do more, for it provides the
nexus for integration of the multiple levels of analysis articulated by
Tinbergen’s classic four questions. Ultimate and proximate explanations are
incomplete until they are united. The task for neuroethology is enormous,
but the principles and patterns of organization we have described for vocal
communication are examples of how successful this approach can be and
how much promise future research holds.
Acknowledgments. We thank Andrea Megela-Simmons for valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the NIH
to DM (MH59831 and MH60276) and TQG (DC00389).
References
Adret P (1993) Operant conditioning, song learning and imprinting to taped song
in the zebra finch. Anim Behav 46:149–159.
Adret-Hausberger M, Jenkins PF (1988) Complex organization of the warbling song
in starlings. Behaviour 107:138–156.
Alexander RD (1962) Evolutionary change in cricket acoustical communication.
Evolution 16:443–467.
Anderson SE, Dave AS, Margoliash D (1996) Template-based automatic recognition of birdsong syllables from continuous recordings. J Acoust Soc Am 100:
1209–1219.
Aubin T, Jouventin P, Hildebrand C (2000) Penguins use the two-voice system to
recognize each other. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 267:1081–1087.
Bachorowski JA, Owren MJ (1999) Acoustic correlates of talker sex and individual
talker identity are present in a short vowel segment produced in running speech.
J Acoust Soc Am 106:1054–1063.
Bankes SC, Margoliash D (1993) Parametric modeling of the temporal dynamics of
neuronal responses using connectionist architectures. J Neurophysiol 69:980–991.
Barlow HB (1972) Single units and sensation: A neuron doctrine for perceptual
psychology? Perception 1:371–394.
Barlow HB (1995) The neuron doctrine in perception. In: Gazzaniga M (ed) The
Cognitive Neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 415–435.
Bateson P (1979) How do sensitive periods arise and what are they for? Anim Behav
27:470–486.
Beecher MD (1991) Success and failures of parent–offspring recognition in animals.
In: Hepper PG (ed) Kin Recognition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press.
Beecher MD, Campbell SE, Burt J (1994) Song perception in the song sparrow:
Birds classify by song type but not by singer. Anim Behav 47:1343–1351.
Beer C (1982) Conceptual issues in the study of communication. In: Kroodsma DE,
Miller EH (eds) Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol 2. Song Learning and Its
Consequences. New York: Academic Press, pp. 279–310.
Beguin N, LeBoucher G, Kreutzer M (1998) Sexual preferences for mate song in
female canaries (Serinus canaria). Behaviour 135:1185–1196.
7. Neuroethology of Vocal Communication
369
nexus for integration of the multiple levels of analysis articulated by
Tinbergen’s classic four questions. Ultimate and proximate explanations are
incomplete until they are united. The task for neuroethology is enormous,
but the principles and patterns of organization we have described for vocal
communication are examples of how successful this approach can be and
how much promise future research holds.
Acknowledgments. We thank Andrea Megela-Simmons for valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the NIH
to DM (MH59831 and MH60276) and TQG (DC00389).
References
Adret P (1993) Operant conditioning, song learning and imprinting to taped song
in the zebra finch. Anim Behav 46:149–159.
Adret-Hausberger M, Jenkins PF (1988) Complex organization of the warbling song
in starlings. Behaviour 107:138–156.
Alexander RD (1962) Evolutionary change in cricket acoustical communication.
Evolution 16:443–467.
Anderson SE, Dave AS, Margoliash D (1996) Template-based automatic recognition of birdsong syllables from continuous recordings. J Acoust Soc Am 100:
1209–1219.
Aubin T, Jouventin P, Hildebrand C (2000) Penguins use the two-voice system to
recognize each other. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 267:1081–1087.
Bachorowski JA, Owren MJ (1999) Acoustic correlates of talker sex and individual
talker identity are present in a short vowel segment produced in running speech.
J Acoust Soc Am 106:1054–1063.
Bankes SC, Margoliash D (1993) Parametric modeling of the temporal dynamics of
neuronal responses using connectionist architectures. J Neurophysiol 69:980–991.
Barlow HB (1972) Single units and sensation: A neuron doctrine for perceptual
psychology? Perception 1:371–394.
Barlow HB (1995) The neuron doctrine in perception. In: Gazzaniga M (ed) The
Cognitive Neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 415–435.
Bateson P (1979) How do sensitive periods arise and what are they for? Anim Behav
27:470–486.
Beecher MD (1991) Success and failures of parent–offspring recognition in animals.
In: Hepper PG (ed) Kin Recognition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press.
Beecher MD, Campbell SE, Burt J (1994) Song perception in the song sparrow:
Birds classify by song type but not by singer. Anim Behav 47:1343–1351.
Beer C (1982) Conceptual issues in the study of communication. In: Kroodsma DE,
Miller EH (eds) Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol 2. Song Learning and Its
Consequences. New York: Academic Press, pp. 279–310.
Beguin N, LeBoucher G, Kreutzer M (1998) Sexual preferences for mate song in
female canaries (Serinus canaria). Behaviour 135:1185–1196.
7. Neuroethology of Vocal Communication
369