Table 4.2. Continued
Genetics
Vocal
Mammal
Social
and
learning
LA
Alternative
group
Species
structure
Call
Function
relatedness
evidence
SM*
explanations
Exp
‡
References
Dialects
Seals
Leptonychotes
population
underwater
unknown;
probable
differences
U
genetic
N
Thomas and
weddeli
calls
possibly
discrete
between
differences
Stirling 1983;
(Weddell
mating
populations
geographic
between
Green and
seals)
regions in
populations could
Burton 1988;
repertoires;
give rise to
Thomas et al.
occurrence of
differences;
1988; Morrice
“unique” call
incomplete
et al. 1994
types; differences
sampling or
between
repertoires makes
populations in
designation of
frequency
“unique” call types
characteristics
premature
of shared calls
Erignathus
population
underwater
unknown;
probable
differences
U
genetic differences
N
Cleator et al.
barbatus
calls
possibly
discrete
between
between
1989
(bearded
mating
populations
geographic
populations could
seal)
regions
give rise to
differences
Mirounga
population
threat calls
deter rivals
breeding
differences
U
differences
N
Le Boeuf and
angustirostris
populations
between
between
Peterson 1969;
(Northern
breeding
populations
Le Boeuf and
elephant
colonies;
deteriorate over
Petrinovich
seal)
individual
time
1974; Shipley
bulls differ
et al. 1981,
1986
154