Dolphin
acoustic communication, 156ff
agonistic behavior, 239-240
auditory brainstem response, 285-287
auditory eNS, 273ff
auditory processing, 305
basilar membrane length/thickness, 87
central auditory system, 32ff
echolocation, 166ff, 364ff
external ear, 275
fish detection, 247-248
frequency discrimination, 180-181
presbycusis, 72
see also Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
see also specific species and common
names
social behavior, 225ff
sonar, 167
vocalizations, 157, 225ff
Doppler shift, 98
bat, 184-185
echolocation, 89
Ear, anatomy, 275-276
Ear canal, 275
cetaceans,43ff
c1upeid fish, 164
isolation, 67
location in skull, 59, 66-67
morphometries, 55ff
summary, 100ff
Eastern pacific bottlenose dolphin, audiogram, 341-342
Echo-reverberation ratio, 385-386
Echolocation
active vs passive, 247
angular acuity, 53
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 166
baleen whales, 192
bat, 157
capabilities, 379ff
cetaceans and bats compared, 97-98
click source level, 178-179
decision processes, 364
defined, 364
delphinids, 185-186,228
development, 274
dolphin, 364ff
Index
477
Doppler shifts, 89
early references, 336-337
evolution, 157-158
for buried prey, 386-387
frequency relationship to body size,
209-210
frequency selection, 167
harbor porpoise, 185-186
information about surroundings, 246
killer whale, 162-164
low-frequency, 54
lower jaw, 61
material composition, 390ff
melon and nasal systems, 365
narwhal, 166
odontocetes, 48
of bottom, 170
performance in noise, 381-382
psychophysics, 344
reception, 364
reverberance, 383ff
schooling fish, 170
see also Biosonar, Sonar, 5ff, 166-167
selection pressures, 157-158
signal propagation through head, 409
sounds, 166ff
sounds lag time, 22
sounds of odontocete, 16
sound repetition rate, 112ff
sperm whale, 189-191
swim bladder, 169
target classification, 391
target orientation and composition,
392-393
target strength, 384ff
target structure, 388ff
transmission, 364ff
EFR (envelope following response), 34
Eighth nerve, see Auditory nerve
Electroencephalogram (EEG), 336
Electrophysiology, and psychophysics,
335-336
Elephant
infrasound, 64ff
middle ear, 66
Endoscope, ultrasound, 142
Endoscopy, sound production mechanisms, 133ff
acoustic communication, 156ff
agonistic behavior, 239-240
auditory brainstem response, 285-287
auditory eNS, 273ff
auditory processing, 305
basilar membrane length/thickness, 87
central auditory system, 32ff
echolocation, 166ff, 364ff
external ear, 275
fish detection, 247-248
frequency discrimination, 180-181
presbycusis, 72
see also Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
see also specific species and common
names
social behavior, 225ff
sonar, 167
vocalizations, 157, 225ff
Doppler shift, 98
bat, 184-185
echolocation, 89
Ear, anatomy, 275-276
Ear canal, 275
cetaceans,43ff
c1upeid fish, 164
isolation, 67
location in skull, 59, 66-67
morphometries, 55ff
summary, 100ff
Eastern pacific bottlenose dolphin, audiogram, 341-342
Echo-reverberation ratio, 385-386
Echolocation
active vs passive, 247
angular acuity, 53
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 166
baleen whales, 192
bat, 157
capabilities, 379ff
cetaceans and bats compared, 97-98
click source level, 178-179
decision processes, 364
defined, 364
delphinids, 185-186,228
development, 274
dolphin, 364ff
Index
477
Doppler shifts, 89
early references, 336-337
evolution, 157-158
for buried prey, 386-387
frequency relationship to body size,
209-210
frequency selection, 167
harbor porpoise, 185-186
information about surroundings, 246
killer whale, 162-164
low-frequency, 54
lower jaw, 61
material composition, 390ff
melon and nasal systems, 365
narwhal, 166
odontocetes, 48
of bottom, 170
performance in noise, 381-382
psychophysics, 344
reception, 364
reverberance, 383ff
schooling fish, 170
see also Biosonar, Sonar, 5ff, 166-167
selection pressures, 157-158
signal propagation through head, 409
sounds, 166ff
sounds lag time, 22
sounds of odontocete, 16
sound repetition rate, 112ff
sperm whale, 189-191
swim bladder, 169
target classification, 391
target orientation and composition,
392-393
target strength, 384ff
target structure, 388ff
transmission, 364ff
EFR (envelope following response), 34
Eighth nerve, see Auditory nerve
Electroencephalogram (EEG), 336
Electrophysiology, and psychophysics,
335-336
Elephant
infrasound, 64ff
middle ear, 66
Endoscope, ultrasound, 142
Endoscopy, sound production mechanisms, 133ff