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D.L. Herzing
acoustic and nonacoustic; and (4) standardization of equipment, analysis,
and descriptive techniques, including sufficient acoustic information, terminology, and comparative studies.
Despite these problems in the acquisition and analysis of dolphin social
signals and hearing from the dolphin's perspective, anatomical, physiological, psychoacoustic, and cognitive studies lend evidence and potential
direction to future research areas. In addition, new computer and analytical techniques can improve our abilities to productively and accurately decipher conspecific social sounds and their salient features.
Psychological, acoustic, and behavioral data indicate that dolphins have
spatio-temporal abilities matching both their environmental and social
challenges in the aquatic environment, and these abilities are reflected in
the characteristics of their social sounds. Overlaid with abilities to detect,
decode, and decipher sound, are the dolphins' ability to modify, mimic,
and utilize complex cognitive strategies to decipher and interpret their
environment, all adding to the complexity of understanding delphinid
hearing.
References
Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour
49:227-267.
Au WWL (1993) The Sonar of Dolphins. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Au WWL, Moore PWB (1988) The perception of complex echoes by an echolocating dolphin. In: Nachtigall PE, Moore PWB (eds) Animal Sonar-Processes and
Performance. New York and London: Plenum Press, pp. 295-299.
Au WWL, Floyd RW, Haun JE (1978) Propagation of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
echolocation signals. J Acoust Soc Am 64:411--412.
Au WWL, Herzing DL, Aubauer R (1998) Real-time measurement of the echolocation signals of wild dolphins using a 4-hydrophone array. Proceedings of the
World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Monaco, 1998.
Azzali B, Manzini A, Buracchi G (1995) Acoustic recognition by a dolphin of shapes.
In: Kastelein RA, Thomas JA, Nachtigall PE (eds) Sensory Systems of Aquatic
Mammals. Woerden, The Netherlands: De Spil, pp. 137-156.
Barrett-Lennard LG, Ford JKB, Heise KA (1996) The mixed blessing of echolocation: differences in sonar use by fish-eating and mammal-eating killer whales.
Anim Behav 51:553-565.
Bregman AS (1990) Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of
Sound. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Brownlee SM, Norris KS (1994) The acoustic domain. In: Norris KS, Wtirsig B,
Wells RS, Wtirsig M (eds) The Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin. Berkeley: University
of California Press, pp. 161-185.
Buckingham MJ, Potter JR, Epifanio CL (1996) Seeing in the ocean with
background noise. Sci Am 272:86-90.
Bullock TH, Ridgway SH (1972) Evoked potentials in the central auditory system
of alert porpoises to their own and artificial sounds. J Neurobiol 3:79-99.
D.L. Herzing
acoustic and nonacoustic; and (4) standardization of equipment, analysis,
and descriptive techniques, including sufficient acoustic information, terminology, and comparative studies.
Despite these problems in the acquisition and analysis of dolphin social
signals and hearing from the dolphin's perspective, anatomical, physiological, psychoacoustic, and cognitive studies lend evidence and potential
direction to future research areas. In addition, new computer and analytical techniques can improve our abilities to productively and accurately decipher conspecific social sounds and their salient features.
Psychological, acoustic, and behavioral data indicate that dolphins have
spatio-temporal abilities matching both their environmental and social
challenges in the aquatic environment, and these abilities are reflected in
the characteristics of their social sounds. Overlaid with abilities to detect,
decode, and decipher sound, are the dolphins' ability to modify, mimic,
and utilize complex cognitive strategies to decipher and interpret their
environment, all adding to the complexity of understanding delphinid
hearing.
References
Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour
49:227-267.
Au WWL (1993) The Sonar of Dolphins. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Au WWL, Moore PWB (1988) The perception of complex echoes by an echolocating dolphin. In: Nachtigall PE, Moore PWB (eds) Animal Sonar-Processes and
Performance. New York and London: Plenum Press, pp. 295-299.
Au WWL, Floyd RW, Haun JE (1978) Propagation of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
echolocation signals. J Acoust Soc Am 64:411--412.
Au WWL, Herzing DL, Aubauer R (1998) Real-time measurement of the echolocation signals of wild dolphins using a 4-hydrophone array. Proceedings of the
World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Monaco, 1998.
Azzali B, Manzini A, Buracchi G (1995) Acoustic recognition by a dolphin of shapes.
In: Kastelein RA, Thomas JA, Nachtigall PE (eds) Sensory Systems of Aquatic
Mammals. Woerden, The Netherlands: De Spil, pp. 137-156.
Barrett-Lennard LG, Ford JKB, Heise KA (1996) The mixed blessing of echolocation: differences in sonar use by fish-eating and mammal-eating killer whales.
Anim Behav 51:553-565.
Bregman AS (1990) Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of
Sound. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Brownlee SM, Norris KS (1994) The acoustic domain. In: Norris KS, Wtirsig B,
Wells RS, Wtirsig M (eds) The Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin. Berkeley: University
of California Press, pp. 161-185.
Buckingham MJ, Potter JR, Epifanio CL (1996) Seeing in the ocean with
background noise. Sci Am 272:86-90.
Bullock TH, Ridgway SH (1972) Evoked potentials in the central auditory system
of alert porpoises to their own and artificial sounds. J Neurobiol 3:79-99.