240
D.L. Herzing
1994), G. malaena and harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (Busnel and
Dziedzic 1966), during excited states of S. frontalis (Caldwell and Caldwell
1971), in narwhals, Monodon monoceros (Ford and Fisher 1978), and in the
use of pulsed codas, thought to carry signature information, in sperm
whales, Physeter macrocephala (Watkins and Schevill 1977). These studies
suggest that burst-pulsed sounds are an important, but often overlooked,
part of the vocal repertoire of many odontocetes.
3.5 Vocalizations Associated with Group Synchrony
and Cohesion
Predominant vocalizations produced during synchronized activity or group
mediation include the coordinated production of squawks. In highly escalated aggressive activity, male S. frontalis coordinate their swimming behavior, postures, and squawks. Synchronized squawks are a highly coordinated
burst-pulsed vocalization that ranges in frequency from 0.1 to 15 kHz, with
main energy from 0.1 to 2.2 kHz, and durations from 0.9 to LOs. Young
males show partial synchronization of swimming behavior and squawks but
are not fully coordinated in their efforts.
The synchronized squawk, unreported in the literature, is associated with
close-proximity synchronized swimming behavior of male groups of S.
frontalis during aggressive behavior. The synchronization of behavior and
vocalizations has been reported in male T. truncatus during herding behavior of females (Connor et al. 1992), episodes of whistling during show
behaviors (Firestein et al. 1982), in the coordination of S. longirostris
(Brownlee and Norris 1994), and in the rhythmic braying of T. truncatus
(dos Santos et al.1995). Choruses of barks have been reported during interspecific chases in captivity between S. frontalis and T. truncatus and during
exposure of dolphins to a tiger shark (Wood 1953). Strong patterns of synchrony in male S. attenuata in tuna nets have also been reported (Pryor and
Kang-Shallenberger 1991). Mammalian patterns of male synchronized
behavior during coordinated efforts of activity are described for various
species of primate (Smuts et al. 1987) and in the escalating pep rallies of
wild dogs as signals of readiness to fight (Estes and Goddard 1967) and
therefore may warrant more investigation in Cetacea.
3.6 Vocalizations Associated with Interspecific
Interactions
During sexual play or agonistic or aggressive interactions, squawks and synchronized squawks (when groups of male S. frontalis face off with solitary
or small groups of T. truncatus and chase them as a solidified group) are the
predominant vocalization. The scream and bark are also produced during
highly escalated agonistic or aggressive behavior between male dolphins
D.L. Herzing
1994), G. malaena and harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (Busnel and
Dziedzic 1966), during excited states of S. frontalis (Caldwell and Caldwell
1971), in narwhals, Monodon monoceros (Ford and Fisher 1978), and in the
use of pulsed codas, thought to carry signature information, in sperm
whales, Physeter macrocephala (Watkins and Schevill 1977). These studies
suggest that burst-pulsed sounds are an important, but often overlooked,
part of the vocal repertoire of many odontocetes.
3.5 Vocalizations Associated with Group Synchrony
and Cohesion
Predominant vocalizations produced during synchronized activity or group
mediation include the coordinated production of squawks. In highly escalated aggressive activity, male S. frontalis coordinate their swimming behavior, postures, and squawks. Synchronized squawks are a highly coordinated
burst-pulsed vocalization that ranges in frequency from 0.1 to 15 kHz, with
main energy from 0.1 to 2.2 kHz, and durations from 0.9 to LOs. Young
males show partial synchronization of swimming behavior and squawks but
are not fully coordinated in their efforts.
The synchronized squawk, unreported in the literature, is associated with
close-proximity synchronized swimming behavior of male groups of S.
frontalis during aggressive behavior. The synchronization of behavior and
vocalizations has been reported in male T. truncatus during herding behavior of females (Connor et al. 1992), episodes of whistling during show
behaviors (Firestein et al. 1982), in the coordination of S. longirostris
(Brownlee and Norris 1994), and in the rhythmic braying of T. truncatus
(dos Santos et al.1995). Choruses of barks have been reported during interspecific chases in captivity between S. frontalis and T. truncatus and during
exposure of dolphins to a tiger shark (Wood 1953). Strong patterns of synchrony in male S. attenuata in tuna nets have also been reported (Pryor and
Kang-Shallenberger 1991). Mammalian patterns of male synchronized
behavior during coordinated efforts of activity are described for various
species of primate (Smuts et al. 1987) and in the escalating pep rallies of
wild dogs as signals of readiness to fight (Estes and Goddard 1967) and
therefore may warrant more investigation in Cetacea.
3.6 Vocalizations Associated with Interspecific
Interactions
During sexual play or agonistic or aggressive interactions, squawks and synchronized squawks (when groups of male S. frontalis face off with solitary
or small groups of T. truncatus and chase them as a solidified group) are the
predominant vocalization. The scream and bark are also produced during
highly escalated agonistic or aggressive behavior between male dolphins