70
Table 2
Sound production in butterfl yfi shes and their behavioral contexts
Clade
Sound type
Single
pulse or
train
Pulse
duration
(ms)
Peak
frequency
(Hz)
6 dB
bandwidth
(Hz)
Behavioral
context
References
Forcipiger fl avissimus
Head bob
ST
29–74
62–254
287
CSI
4, 8
Anal fi n retraction
ST
54
27
64
CSI
8
F. longirostris
Head bob
S
98
100
–
CSI
4
Hemitaurichthys polylepis
Hypaxial buckling pulse
ST
38
116
126
A, C, V
3, 7
Blended pulse
ST
186
147
69
A, C, V
7
H. thompsoni
Hypaxial pulse
ST
56
170
214
V
7
Heniochus chrysostomus
Hypaxial pulse
ST
57
140
–
A
6
Chaetodon kleinii
C2
Jaw protrusion
S
17
516
358
CSI
8
High frequency pulse
S
7
3609
4219
A
7
C. multicinctus
C2
Body pulse
ST
25–50
137–184
350
CSI
2, 8
Body shake
S
55
29
62
CSI
8
Tail slap
ST
154–418
9–69
15
CSI
2, 8
Click
S
10–16
2752–3415
708
CSI
2, 8
C. unimaculatus
C2
Head bob + Jaw protrusion
S
52
1031
227
CSI
8
Tail slap
S
424
<1
6
CSI
8
C. ornatissimus
C3
Body pulse
S
36
346
19
A, C
7
Tail slap
S
366
6
14
A
8
C. auriga
C4
Head bob + Jaw protrusion
ST
93
23
42
CSI
8
C. ocellatus
C4
Pulse
S
–
–
–
E
1
C. striatus
C4
Pulse
S
–
–
–
E
1
C. ulietensis
C4
–
–
–
–
–
S
5
See Table 1 and Fig. 8 for phylogenetic placement of these species
Behaviors: A
agonistic interactions, C
courtship, CSI
conspecifi c social interactions, E
induced by electric stimulation, S
schooling, V
vigilance (approached by predator
or diver)
References: 1 = Fish and Mowbray ( 1970 ), 2 = Tricas et al. ( 2006 ), 3 = Boyle and Tricas ( 2010 ), 4 = Boyle and Tricas ( 2011 ), 5 = Lobel et al. (2010), 6 = Parmentier
et al. ( 2011 ), 7 = Tricas and Boyle ( 2014 ), 8 = Tricas and Boyle ( 2015a )
T.C. Tricas and J.F. Webb
Table 2
Sound production in butterfl yfi shes and their behavioral contexts
Clade
Sound type
Single
pulse or
train
Pulse
duration
(ms)
Peak
frequency
(Hz)
6 dB
bandwidth
(Hz)
Behavioral
context
References
Forcipiger fl avissimus
Head bob
ST
29–74
62–254
287
CSI
4, 8
Anal fi n retraction
ST
54
27
64
CSI
8
F. longirostris
Head bob
S
98
100
–
CSI
4
Hemitaurichthys polylepis
Hypaxial buckling pulse
ST
38
116
126
A, C, V
3, 7
Blended pulse
ST
186
147
69
A, C, V
7
H. thompsoni
Hypaxial pulse
ST
56
170
214
V
7
Heniochus chrysostomus
Hypaxial pulse
ST
57
140
–
A
6
Chaetodon kleinii
C2
Jaw protrusion
S
17
516
358
CSI
8
High frequency pulse
S
7
3609
4219
A
7
C. multicinctus
C2
Body pulse
ST
25–50
137–184
350
CSI
2, 8
Body shake
S
55
29
62
CSI
8
Tail slap
ST
154–418
9–69
15
CSI
2, 8
Click
S
10–16
2752–3415
708
CSI
2, 8
C. unimaculatus
C2
Head bob + Jaw protrusion
S
52
1031
227
CSI
8
Tail slap
S
424
<1
6
CSI
8
C. ornatissimus
C3
Body pulse
S
36
346
19
A, C
7
Tail slap
S
366
6
14
A
8
C. auriga
C4
Head bob + Jaw protrusion
ST
93
23
42
CSI
8
C. ocellatus
C4
Pulse
S
–
–
–
E
1
C. striatus
C4
Pulse
S
–
–
–
E
1
C. ulietensis
C4
–
–
–
–
–
S
5
See Table 1 and Fig. 8 for phylogenetic placement of these species
Behaviors: A
agonistic interactions, C
courtship, CSI
conspecifi c social interactions, E
induced by electric stimulation, S
schooling, V
vigilance (approached by predator
or diver)
References: 1 = Fish and Mowbray ( 1970 ), 2 = Tricas et al. ( 2006 ), 3 = Boyle and Tricas ( 2010 ), 4 = Boyle and Tricas ( 2011 ), 5 = Lobel et al. (2010), 6 = Parmentier
et al. ( 2011 ), 7 = Tricas and Boyle ( 2014 ), 8 = Tricas and Boyle ( 2015a )
T.C. Tricas and J.F. Webb