480
Directional hearing and sound source
localization (cont.)
acoustically small , 140
algorithmic approach , 139
arbitrary sinusoidal quantity , 142
behavioral studies , 130–136
directional unmasking , 129
direction-dependent masking , 128
early negative results , 125–126
minimum audible angles , 127–128
180° ambiguity problem , 129–130
phonotaxis experiments see Phonotaxis
experiments
re-evaluation of , 126–127
sound source distance discrimination , 129
swim bladder and lateral line ,
136–137
computational model , 139
dipole source , 144 , 147
inner ear , 124
local fl uid velocity , 145
modes of hearing , 124 , 125
monopole source , 140 , 144
motion vector quantity , 140
multipole model , 139
near-fi eld and far-fi eld time-averaged
intensity vectors , 147
orbital model , 139
orthogonal directions and arctangent
algorithm , 140
particle velocity and time-averaged
intensity , 144–146
phase model , 138
point cardioid source , 147
predicted values , 150
reactive oscillatory part , 141
resistive part , 141
scalar quantity , 140
sinusoidal signal , 141
time-averaged intensity , 142–144 , 146–149
unbounded medium , 141
underwater sound and the acoustic cues , 123
Directional response pattern (DRP) , 202
DON. See Descending octaval nucleus (DON)
Doradids , 328
E
Ear
hearing , 210–212
Hawaiian fi shes, analysis of , 66
toadfi sh , 203–205
Eight Point Sportsman’s Club , 13
Electric shock , 163
Electrode lead , 276
Electrophysiological methods , 229
Electrophysiological recording methods , 249
accular potentials, comparison of , 239
F
Farfi eld , 287
Fay, Richard Rozzell
behavioral method , 16
dynamic properties , 17
early life , 13 , 15
faculty positions , 18
goldfi sh hearing , 16 , 18
in laboratory , 14
multisensory interaction , 17
Perpetual Motion , 15
plainfi n midshipman and sound source
localization , 19
scientifi c conference , 14
shark hearing , 17
Fish auditory system , 295–302
DON roles , 213–218
morphological development
embryology and early development ,
297–300
functional signifi cance , 302
postembryonic sensory hair cell , 300–302
teleost inner ear , 295–296
octaval column, saccule targets , 218
TS , 219–220
Fish hearing , 163–164 , 166–173 , 175–178 ,
303–313
AEPs , 160
areas of research , 179–180
auditory sensitivity see Auditory sensitivity
behavioral methods , 158
inner ear structure study , 158
noninvasive behavioral methods , 159
operant conditioning , 161–162
avoidance conditioning , 163–164
phonotaxis , 173–174
psychoacoustics experiments , 166 , 174–175
constant stimuli method , 175
method of limits , 176
QUEST and ML-PEST , 177
staircase method , 176–177
stimulus presentation protocol , 175
threshold criteria , 177–178
refl ex responses , 166
ASR , 166–171
PPI , 171–173
social communication , 313–314
techniques , 159
Forcipiger, head bob sound , 72
Fundulus heteroclitus. See Killifi sh
Index
Directional hearing and sound source
localization (cont.)
acoustically small , 140
algorithmic approach , 139
arbitrary sinusoidal quantity , 142
behavioral studies , 130–136
directional unmasking , 129
direction-dependent masking , 128
early negative results , 125–126
minimum audible angles , 127–128
180° ambiguity problem , 129–130
phonotaxis experiments see Phonotaxis
experiments
re-evaluation of , 126–127
sound source distance discrimination , 129
swim bladder and lateral line ,
136–137
computational model , 139
dipole source , 144 , 147
inner ear , 124
local fl uid velocity , 145
modes of hearing , 124 , 125
monopole source , 140 , 144
motion vector quantity , 140
multipole model , 139
near-fi eld and far-fi eld time-averaged
intensity vectors , 147
orbital model , 139
orthogonal directions and arctangent
algorithm , 140
particle velocity and time-averaged
intensity , 144–146
phase model , 138
point cardioid source , 147
predicted values , 150
reactive oscillatory part , 141
resistive part , 141
scalar quantity , 140
sinusoidal signal , 141
time-averaged intensity , 142–144 , 146–149
unbounded medium , 141
underwater sound and the acoustic cues , 123
Directional response pattern (DRP) , 202
DON. See Descending octaval nucleus (DON)
Doradids , 328
E
Ear
hearing , 210–212
Hawaiian fi shes, analysis of , 66
toadfi sh , 203–205
Eight Point Sportsman’s Club , 13
Electric shock , 163
Electrode lead , 276
Electrophysiological methods , 229
Electrophysiological recording methods , 249
accular potentials, comparison of , 239
F
Farfi eld , 287
Fay, Richard Rozzell
behavioral method , 16
dynamic properties , 17
early life , 13 , 15
faculty positions , 18
goldfi sh hearing , 16 , 18
in laboratory , 14
multisensory interaction , 17
Perpetual Motion , 15
plainfi n midshipman and sound source
localization , 19
scientifi c conference , 14
shark hearing , 17
Fish auditory system , 295–302
DON roles , 213–218
morphological development
embryology and early development ,
297–300
functional signifi cance , 302
postembryonic sensory hair cell , 300–302
teleost inner ear , 295–296
octaval column, saccule targets , 218
TS , 219–220
Fish hearing , 163–164 , 166–173 , 175–178 ,
303–313
AEPs , 160
areas of research , 179–180
auditory sensitivity see Auditory sensitivity
behavioral methods , 158
inner ear structure study , 158
noninvasive behavioral methods , 159
operant conditioning , 161–162
avoidance conditioning , 163–164
phonotaxis , 173–174
psychoacoustics experiments , 166 , 174–175
constant stimuli method , 175
method of limits , 176
QUEST and ML-PEST , 177
staircase method , 176–177
stimulus presentation protocol , 175
threshold criteria , 177–178
refl ex responses , 166
ASR , 166–171
PPI , 171–173
social communication , 313–314
techniques , 159
Forcipiger, head bob sound , 72
Fundulus heteroclitus. See Killifi sh
Index