222
could be detected by the toadfish ear. Although the indirect input to the toadfish
ear would not improve hearing sensitivity (nor extend the frequency range), the
indirect input could provide phase information; therefore, the phase model of
sound source localization first described for cod (Schuijf 1976) may apply to
other teleost species as well. A better understanding of the potential role of the
gas bladder in sound source localization in teleosts should be explored, ideally as
a multi-species comparison of morphological variations in the gas bladder-ear
association with the ability to localize a sound source under natural conditions.
Acknowledgements Arthur Popper gave a great gift to his graduate students—freedom to pursue
what interested them about fish hearing. If components of the research were out of his area of
expertise, he introduced the student to someone who could provide training and advice. Therefore,
I thank him for his guidance and for introducing me to Catherine McCormick and Catherine Carr,
both of whom provided critical instruction and feedback for the anatomical studies on O. tau completed in Arthur’s lab. In addition, Arthur encouraged students to present their research and initiate
interactions that might (and did) lead to post-doctoral collaborations, in my case, with Steve
Highstein and Richard Fay. I gratefully acknowledge the instruction and guidance that Steve
Highstein provided at the MBL, in particular, on surgical techniques and intracellular label injection using “Alfred.”
All of the physiological work described here was conducted with Richard Fay, a close collaborator in every sense of the word. He was never one to direct research from afar—he was in the lab for
nearly every experiment, “sweating the small stuff,” as only the best scientists do. About 10 years
ago, Dick Fay said “We know far less than we think we do about hearing in fish.” No doubt there
is much to learn. As many will state in this volume, his ideas and hypotheses have driven a diverse
array of projects and stimulated many spirited discussions. There will be no end to his influence on
research into the sense of hearing in fishes.
The work on the auditory pathway and hearing in toadfish was funded by an NIMH NRSA
predoctoral fellowship to PL Edds-Walton; NIH NIDCD Program Project grants to SM Highstein
and RR Fay, on which PL Edds-Walton was a post-doctoral scientist; and NIH NIDCD grants to
RR Fay, on which PL Edds-Walton was a Research Associate or Co-principal Investigator. Lastly,
I am grateful for the support of my husband and son over the past 20 years, for participating in my
annual migrations to the MBL, cheering me up on difficult days, and understanding that some days
the toadfish had to come first.
References
Braun CB, Sand O (2014) Functional overlap and nonoverlap between lateral line and auditory
systems. In: Coombs S, Bleckman H, Fay RR, Popper AN (eds) The lateral line system, vol 48,
Springer handbook of auditory research. Springer, New York, pp 281–312
Bregman A (1990) Auditory scene analysis: the perceptual organization of sound. MIT Press,
Cambridge
Carr CE, Edds-Walton PL (2008) Vertebrate auditory pathways. In: Dallos P, Oertel D (eds) The
senses: a comprehensive reference, vol 3, Audition. Elsevier, NY, pp 499–524
Coffin AB, Zeddies DG, Fay RR, Brown AD, Alderks PW, Bhandiwad AA, Mohr RA, Gray MD,
Rogers PH, Sisneros JA (2014) Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound
source localization by fish. J Exp Biol 217:2078–2088. doi:10.1242/jeb.093831
Coombs S, Popper AN (1979) Hearing differences among Hawaiian squirrelfishes (Family
Holocentridae) related to differences in the peripheral auditory system. J Comp Physiol
132:203–207
P.L. Edds-Walton
could be detected by the toadfish ear. Although the indirect input to the toadfish
ear would not improve hearing sensitivity (nor extend the frequency range), the
indirect input could provide phase information; therefore, the phase model of
sound source localization first described for cod (Schuijf 1976) may apply to
other teleost species as well. A better understanding of the potential role of the
gas bladder in sound source localization in teleosts should be explored, ideally as
a multi-species comparison of morphological variations in the gas bladder-ear
association with the ability to localize a sound source under natural conditions.
Acknowledgements Arthur Popper gave a great gift to his graduate students—freedom to pursue
what interested them about fish hearing. If components of the research were out of his area of
expertise, he introduced the student to someone who could provide training and advice. Therefore,
I thank him for his guidance and for introducing me to Catherine McCormick and Catherine Carr,
both of whom provided critical instruction and feedback for the anatomical studies on O. tau completed in Arthur’s lab. In addition, Arthur encouraged students to present their research and initiate
interactions that might (and did) lead to post-doctoral collaborations, in my case, with Steve
Highstein and Richard Fay. I gratefully acknowledge the instruction and guidance that Steve
Highstein provided at the MBL, in particular, on surgical techniques and intracellular label injection using “Alfred.”
All of the physiological work described here was conducted with Richard Fay, a close collaborator in every sense of the word. He was never one to direct research from afar—he was in the lab for
nearly every experiment, “sweating the small stuff,” as only the best scientists do. About 10 years
ago, Dick Fay said “We know far less than we think we do about hearing in fish.” No doubt there
is much to learn. As many will state in this volume, his ideas and hypotheses have driven a diverse
array of projects and stimulated many spirited discussions. There will be no end to his influence on
research into the sense of hearing in fishes.
The work on the auditory pathway and hearing in toadfish was funded by an NIMH NRSA
predoctoral fellowship to PL Edds-Walton; NIH NIDCD Program Project grants to SM Highstein
and RR Fay, on which PL Edds-Walton was a post-doctoral scientist; and NIH NIDCD grants to
RR Fay, on which PL Edds-Walton was a Research Associate or Co-principal Investigator. Lastly,
I am grateful for the support of my husband and son over the past 20 years, for participating in my
annual migrations to the MBL, cheering me up on difficult days, and understanding that some days
the toadfish had to come first.
References
Braun CB, Sand O (2014) Functional overlap and nonoverlap between lateral line and auditory
systems. In: Coombs S, Bleckman H, Fay RR, Popper AN (eds) The lateral line system, vol 48,
Springer handbook of auditory research. Springer, New York, pp 281–312
Bregman A (1990) Auditory scene analysis: the perceptual organization of sound. MIT Press,
Cambridge
Carr CE, Edds-Walton PL (2008) Vertebrate auditory pathways. In: Dallos P, Oertel D (eds) The
senses: a comprehensive reference, vol 3, Audition. Elsevier, NY, pp 499–524
Coffin AB, Zeddies DG, Fay RR, Brown AD, Alderks PW, Bhandiwad AA, Mohr RA, Gray MD,
Rogers PH, Sisneros JA (2014) Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound
source localization by fish. J Exp Biol 217:2078–2088. doi:10.1242/jeb.093831
Coombs S, Popper AN (1979) Hearing differences among Hawaiian squirrelfishes (Family
Holocentridae) related to differences in the peripheral auditory system. J Comp Physiol
132:203–207
P.L. Edds-Walton