Gill synechiae refers to fusion of adjacent gill lamellae,
and hyperplasia results from a generalised proliferation of
cells (Fig. 4.9). The gills are often accompanied by
Table 4.1 Examples of prefixes and suffixes and their use in
compounded words
Prefix
Meaning
Example
AdenoGlandular
Adenoma
AnNo, not
Anaemia
AngioBlood or lymph vessels
Angiopathy
AntiCounteracting
Antibody
ApoSeparated from
Apoptosis
AutoSelf
Autoimmunity
CardioHeart
Cardiomyopathy
CholBile
Cholangitis
ConTogether
Confluent
CytoCell
Cytopathic
DeRemove or loss
Degeneration
DermaSkin
Dermatomycosis
Dys
Abnormal
Dysplasia
EctOuter or external
Ectoparasite
EndoWithin or inner
Endoparasite
EnterThe intestine
Enteritis
EpiAbove, upon
Epidermis
FibroFibres or fibrous tissue
Fibroplasia
GastroStomach
Gastrointestinal
HaemoBlood
Haemolysis
HepatoLiver
Hepatomegaly
HeteroDifference
Heteropagus
HistoTissue
Histology
HomoSimilar, like
Homogenous
HyperIndicating an excess
Hyperpigmentation
HypoIndicating a deficiency
Hypoplastic
IdioSelf
Idiopathic
InterBetween
Interstitial
IntraWithin
Intracellular
KaryoCell nucleus
Karyomegaly
LeucoLack of colour, white
Leucopenia
LipoFatty
Lipoidosis
MacroLarge
Macrophage
MalDisorder or abnormality
Malignant
MelanBlack colour
Melanin
MicroSmall
Microcytic
MorphoStructure
Morphological
MultiMany
Multicellular
MycoFungus
Mycosis
MyoMuscle
Myocardium
NecroDeath or dissolution
Necrosis
NephroKidney
Nephrocalcinosis
OsteoBony
Osteoclast
PathoDisease
Pathogen
PeriAround or enclosing
Periorbital
PhagoEat; devour
Phagocyte
PostAfter
Posterior
Poly
Many
Polycystic
PseudoFalse
Pseudomembrane
RetroBehind or turned backward
Retrobulbar
Prefix
Meaning
Example
SideroIron
Siderosis
ScolioTwisted
Scoliosis
SplenoSpleen
Splenomegaly
SteatoFatty tissue
Steatosis
StenoNarrow; constricted
Stenosis
SynUnion or fusion
Synechiae
VasoVessel
Vasodilation
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-iasis
Condition of, state
Helminthiasis
-iosis
Disorder
Scoliosis
-itis
Inflammation of an organ,
tissue
Myocarditis
-logy
Science of, study of
Pathology
-lysis
Breaking down
Karyolysis
-megaly
Enlargement
Cardiomegaly
-oid
Likeness, “of a kind”
Ceroid
-oma
Tumour or swelling
Sarcoma
-ous
Like, having the nature of
Granulomatous
-pathy
Disease
Neuropathy
-penia
Lack of, or deficiency
Leukopenia
-phage
Ingesting
Macrophage
-philia
Affinity for
Eosinophilia
-phylaxis
Protection
Anaphylaxis
-stasis
Stagnation
Haemostasis
-somatic
Of the body
Hepatosomatic
-trophy
Nourishment
Dystrophy
Fig. 4.4 Chronic enteritis in distal intestine of farmed Atlantic salmon.
Note cellular infiltrates in stratum proprium. Low power
40
4 Pathology and Disease Diagnosis